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首页> 外文期刊>Epigenetics: official journal of the DNA Methylation Society >Epigenetics the missing link to understanding β-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
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Epigenetics the missing link to understanding β-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

机译:表观遗传学缺少了解2型糖尿病发病机制中β细胞功能异常的链接

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摘要

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health problem worldwide. While peripheral insulin resistance is common during obesity and aging in both animals and people, progression to T2D is largely due to insulin secretory dysfunction and significant apoptosis of functional β-cells, leading to an inability to compensate for insulin resistance. It is recognized that environmental factors and nutrition play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, our knowledge surrounding molecular mechanisms by which these factors trigger β-cell dysfunction and diabetes is still limited. Recent discoveries raise the possibility that epigenetic changes in response to environmental stimuli may play an important role in the development of diabetes. In this paper, we review emerging knowledge regarding epigenetic mechanisms that may be involved in β-cell dysfunction and pathogenesis of diabetes, including the role of nutrition, oxidative stress and inflammation. We will mainly focus on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications but will also briefly review data on miRNA effects on the pancreatic islets. Further studies aimed at better understanding how epigenetic regulation of gene expression controls β-cell function may reveal potential therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of diabetes.
机译:2型糖尿病(T2D)是全球范围内日益严重的健康问题。虽然周围的胰岛素抵抗在动物和人的肥胖症和衰老期间都很常见,但发展为T2D的主要原因是胰岛素分泌功能障碍和功能性β细胞的明显凋亡,导致无法补偿胰岛素抵抗。公认环境因素和营养在糖尿病的发病机理中起重要作用。但是,我们对这些因素引发β细胞功能障碍和糖尿病的分子机制的认识仍然有限。最近的发现增加了响应环境刺激的表观遗传变化可能在糖尿病的发展中起重要作用的可能性。在本文中,我们回顾了有关表观遗传机制的新兴知识,这些机制可能与糖尿病的β细胞功能障碍和发病机制有关,包括营养,氧化应激和炎症的作用。我们将主要关注DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰的作用,还将简要回顾关于miRNA对胰岛的影响的数据。旨在更好地了解基因表达的表观遗传调控如何控制β细胞功能的进一步研究可能揭示出预防和治疗糖尿病的潜在治疗靶点。

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