摘要:目的 分析胆总管结石患者内镜下取石的术中、术后1周内的并发症发生率,探讨其影响因素.方法 收集136例胆总管结石患者内镜下取石的临床资料,从结石数量、大小、首发或再发、有无胆管炎等方面分析它们对术中及术后并发症发生的影响,并观察留置鼻胆管的效果.结果 单发结石组1次取石成功率高,术中乳头出血、贲门撕裂,术后高淀粉酶血症、AP的发生率均较多发结石组显著降低(P<0.05);<2 cm结石组1次取石成功率也高,术中乳头出血、结石嵌顿、贲门撕裂、低氧血症,术后高淀粉酶血症、AP及胆系感染的发生率均较≥2 cm结石组显著降低;初发结石组1次取石成功率低,术中乳头出血、结石嵌顿,术后高淀粉酶血症、AP及胆系感染的发生率均较再发结石组显著升高;并发胆管炎组1次取石成功率低,术中乳头出血、低氧血症,术后高淀粉酶血症、MAP及胆系感染的发生率均较无胆管炎组显著升高.留置鼻胆管后,乳头出血的发生率显著升高,而高淀粉酶血症、AP、胆系感染的发生率则显著降低.结论 影响胆总管结石患者内镜下取石的因素有结石数量、大小、初发或再发、并发胆管炎等,取石术后留置鼻胆管可减少并发症的发生,但易引起乳头出血.%Objective To investigate the factors predicting endoscopic stone extraction complications during operation and 1 week within operation. Methods The clinical data of 136 patients with common duet stones during endoscopic procedures and 1 week within procedures were collected, and the impacts of the number, size of stones, and the first-attack versus recurrent-attack stone, with or without cholangeitis on the complications during operation and 1 week within operation were analyzed, and the effect of nasobiliary drainage was investigated. Results The success rate in single-stone group was high, the incidences of complications during endoscopy including sphincter hemorrhage, cardiac laceration, hyperamylasemia, acute pancreatitis were significantly lower than those in the multi-stones group ( P < 0. 05 ). The group of < 2 cm stone also had high success rate of stone extraction, the incidences of complications including sphincter hemorrhage, stone impaction, cardiac laceration, hyperamylasemia, acute pancreatitis were significantly lower than those in the ≥2 cm group. The first-attack group had low success rate of stone extraction, the incidences of complications including sphincter hemorrhage, stone impaction, hyperamylasemia, acute pancreatitis and biliary infection were significantly higher than those in the recurrent-attack group. The patients with cholangeitis had low success rate of stone extraction, the incidences of complications including sphincter hemorrhage, hypoxemia, hyperamylasemia, acute pancreatitis and biliary infection were significantly higher than those without cholangeitis. After nasobiliary drainage, the incidences of hyperamylasemia, acute pancreatitis and biliary infection significantly decreased while the incidence of sphincter hemorrhage significantly increased. Conclusions The number, size of stones, and the first-attack versus recurrent-attack stone, symptoms with orwithout cholangeitis could predict the complications of stone extraction;post-ERCP nssobiliary drainage could decrease the complications, but increase the possibility of sphincter hemorrhage.