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首页> 外文期刊>Entomological Review >Biogeocenotic control of natural selection and rates of evolution. To the 150th Anniversary of the first publication of The Origin of Species... by Ch. Darwin
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Biogeocenotic control of natural selection and rates of evolution. To the 150th Anniversary of the first publication of The Origin of Species... by Ch. Darwin

机译：生物大自然控制自然选择和进化速度。到Ch。出版的《物种起源...》出版150周年。达尔文

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High mortality in every cohort of animals is caused by the cumulative action of all the eliminating effects of components of the implemented ecological niche. This fact creates an impression of very intensive natural selection. Only the reproductive part of population survives, i.e., passes natural selection. This fraction is many times smaller than the entire population. However, every selection vector, determined by abiotic factors, predators, parasites, competition, etc. leads to selection of individuals adapted only to this particular set of biogeocenotic factors. Such selection does not prevent but also does not favor the accumulation of genetic variants with a high adaptive value; it only eliminates those insufficiently fit. The second factor limiting the selection efficiency is low heritability of behavioral, physiological and morphological characters, on which the elimination or survival of organisms mostly depends. The broad reaction norm of such characters provides non-evolutionary adaptation in the course of transformation or development of new ecosystems. Low efficiency of natural selection is responsible for the low rate of coherent evolution, i.e. co-adaptation of the species within communities. Fast, or incoherent, evolution is caused either by the appearance of a new unbalanced selection vector, or by destruction of the existing counterbalanced system which supports the evolutionary stasis in established ecosystems.
机译：在每个动物群中，高死亡率是由所实施的生态位组成部分的所有消除作用的累积作用引起的。这个事实给人留下了非常强烈的自然选择的印象。只有人口的生殖部分才能生存，即通过自然选择。这个分数比整个人口小很多倍。然而，由非生物因素，捕食者，寄生虫，竞争等决定的每个选择载体都会导致只选择适应于这组特定的生物大肠因子的个体。这种选择不会阻止但也不利于具有高适应性价值的遗传变异的积累。它只会消除那些不合适的东西。限制选择效率的第二个因素是行为，生理和形态特征的遗传力低，这主要取决于生物的消除或存活。这些特征的广泛反应规范在新生态系统的转化或发展过程中提供了非进化的适应性。自然选择效率低是导致连贯进化（即物种在社区内共同适应）率低的原因。快速或不连贯的进化是由于出现了新的不平衡选择载体，或者是由于破坏了已建立的生态系统中支持进化停滞的现有平衡系统而引起的。

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