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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Pecking but Accepting the Parasitic Eggs may not Reflect Ejection Failure: The Role of Motivation
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Pecking but Accepting the Parasitic Eggs may not Reflect Ejection Failure: The Role of Motivation

机译：啄食但接受寄生虫卵可能不能反映出射血失败：动机的作用

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摘要

The common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, is an evictor brood parasite that generally reduces host fitness to zero, exerting strong selective pressure on hosts to evolve egg recognition and rejection. However, a great deal of variation in egg-rejection efficiency exists, egg-rejection behaviour being considered a flexible conditional response against parasitic eggs. Recently, it has been shown that some of the individuals that recognized (pecked) the parasitic egg finally accepted it. Here, we present the results of two egg-recognition experiments made in two populations of rufous-tailed scrub robins, Cercotrichas galactotes, in which one plaster model or a real house sparrow's egg, respectively, was experimentally introduced into their nests. The hosts' response was video recorded, allowing us to quantify the number of pecks, pecking strength, and ejection behaviour. We have found that rufous-tailed scrub robin females ejected the model egg easily by grasping it after weakly pecking it; however, sometimes (55%) females pecked the experimental egg but did not eject it. This acceptance after pecking is not the consequence of a failure at puncture ejection, given that when confronted with real eggs (soft and easily punctured) in the second experiment, only 20% of pecked eggs were ejected, signifying that females that pecked at eggs without ejecting them had a low motivation to eject. We also discuss the effect of clutch inspection and the function of pecking strength. Finally, based on our own and previous research demonstrating pecking not followed by rejection, we propose a stepwise discrimination process in which accumulating motivation plays a key role in determining behavioural pathways shaping host response to parasitic eggs.
机译：常见的杜鹃（Cuculus canorus）是一种驱赶者巢内的寄生虫，通常会将宿主的适应力降低至零，从而对宿主施加强大的选择压力，从而促进卵的识别和排斥。但是，拒蛋效率存在很大差异，拒蛋行为被认为是针对寄生卵的灵活条件响应。最近，已经显示出一些认识（啄）寄生卵的个体最终接受了它。在这里，我们介绍了在两个金黄色的尾巴灌木知更鸟（Cercotrichas galactotes）种群中进行的两个鸡蛋识别实验的结果，其中分别通过实验将一种石膏模型或真实的麻雀卵引入了它们的巢中。主持人的回应是录制的视频，使我们能够量化出啄的次数，啄的强度和弹射行为。我们发现，在将金黄色的尾巴磨去的知更鸟在弱啄之后，通过抓住它可以很容易地将其弹出，从而将其抛出。但是，有时（55％）的雌性会啄食实验卵，但没有将其弹出。啄食后的这种接受并不是射出失败的结果，因为在第二个实验中，当面对真正的卵（柔软且易于刺破）时，仅射出了20％的啄卵，这表明啄食卵的雌性不带卵。弹射他们的动力很低。我们还将讨论离合器检查的效果和啄强度的功能。最后，基于我们本人和先前的研究，表明啄食而不是拒绝，我们提出了一个逐步的辨别过程，在该过程中，蓄积动机在决定影响宿主对寄生虫卵反应的行为途径中起着关键作用。

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