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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Great Spotted Cuckoos Frequently Lay Their Eggs While Their Magpie Host is Incubating
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Great Spotted Cuckoos Frequently Lay Their Eggs While Their Magpie Host is Incubating

机译：大斑点杜鹃经常在喜Host寄主孵化时产卵

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Species that suffer from brood parasitism face a considerable reduction in their fitness which selects for the evolution of host defences. To prevent parasitism, hosts can mob or attack brood parasites when they approach the host nest and block the access to the nest by sitting on the clutch. In turn, as a counter-adaptation, brood parasites evolved secretive behaviours near their host nests. Here, we have studied great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius) egg-laying behaviour and defence by their magpie (Pica pica) hosts inside the nest using continuous video recordings. We have found several surprising results that contradict some general assumptions. The most important is that most (71%) of the parasitic events by cuckoo females are completed while the magpie females are incubating. By staying in the nest, magpies force cuckoo females to lay their egg facing the high risk of being attacked by the incubating magpie (attack occurred in all but one of the events, n = 15). During these attacks, magpies pecked the cuckoo violently, but could never effectively avoid parasitism. These novel observations expand the sequence of adaptations and counter-adaptations in the arms race between brood parasites and their hosts during the pre-laying and laying periods.
机译：受精巢寄生的物种面临着其适应能力的显着下降，这决定了宿主防御的发展。为了防止寄生虫，宿主在靠近宿主巢穴时可以围捕或攻击亲虾寄生虫，并通过坐在离合器上阻止巢穴进入巢穴。反过来，作为一种反适应措施，育雏寄生虫在其寄主巢附近进化出分泌行为。在这里，我们使用连续的视频记录，研究了它们巢内喜（Pica pica）寄主对布谷鸟（Clamator glandarius）产卵的行为和防御能力。我们发现了一些令人惊讶的结果，这些结果与某些一般性假设相矛盾。最重要的是，while鸟雌鸟在孵化时，杜鹃母鸟的大部分寄生虫事件（71％）完成了。通过呆在巢中，喜pies迫使杜鹃母鸡产卵，面临被孵化喜attack攻击的高风险（除了其中一个事件外，其他所有事件均发生袭击，n = 15）。在这些袭击中，喜pies猛烈地啄食杜鹃，但永远无法有效避免寄生虫。这些新颖的发现扩大了在预产期和产卵期亲代寄生虫与其宿主之间军备竞赛的适应和反适应的顺序。

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