...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Mallards Feed Longer to Maintain Intake Rate under Competition on a Natural Food Distribution
【24h】

Mallards Feed Longer to Maintain Intake Rate under Competition on a Natural Food Distribution

机译：野鸭在自然食物分配的竞争下需要更长的采食时间以保持摄入量

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Animals foraging in groups may benefit from a faster detection of food and predators, but competition by conspecifics may reduce intake rate. Competition may also alter the foraging behaviour of individuals, which can be influenced by dominance status and the way food is distributed over the environment. Many studies measuring the effects of competition and dominance status have been conducted on a uniform or highly clumped food distribution, while in reality prey distributions are often in-between these two extremes. The few studies that used a more natural food distribution only detected subtle effects of interference and dominance. We therefore conducted an experiment on a natural food distribution with focal mallards Anas platyrhynchos foraging alone and in a group of three, having a dominant, intermediate or subordinate dominance status. In this way, the foraging behaviour of the same individual in different treatments could be compared, and the effect of dominance was tested independently of individual identity. The experiment was balanced using a 4 x 4 Latin square design, with four focal and six non-focal birds. Individuals in a group achieved a similar intake rate (i.e. number of consumed seeds divided by trial length) as when foraging alone, because of an increase in the proportion of time feeding (albeit not significant for subordinate birds). Patch residence time and the number of different patches visited did not differ when birds were foraging alone or in a group. Besides some agonistic interactions, no differences in foraging behaviour between dominant, intermediate and subordinate birds were measured in group trials. Possibly group-foraging birds increased their feeding time because there was less need for vigilance or because they increased foraging intensity to compensate for competition. This study underlines that a higher competitor density does not necessarily lead to a lower intake rate, irrespective of dominance status.
机译：成群觅食的动物可能会受益于更快地检测食物和掠食者，但是同种异体的竞争可能会降低摄食率。竞争还可能改变个体的觅食行为，这可能会受到主导地位和食物在环境中分布方式的影响。已经对均匀或高度成块的食物分配进行了许多衡量竞争和主导地位影响的研究，而实际上猎物的分配往往介于这两个极端之间。少数使用更自然的食物分布的研究仅发现干扰和优势的细微影响。因此，我们进行了天然食物分布的实验，只用野鸭野鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）单独觅食，并以三个为一组，以显性，中性或次要优势地位觅食。通过这种方式，可以比较同一个人在不同处理方式下的觅食行为，并且可以独立于个人身份来测试主导地位的影响。实验采用4 x 4拉丁方形设计进行了平衡，其中有四只焦点鸟和六只非焦点鸟。与单独觅食相比，组中的个体达到了相似的摄入率（即，消耗的种子数量除以试验长度），这是因为时间饲喂比例的增加（尽管对下属鸟类而言并不重要）。单独或成群觅食时，斑块的停留时间和拜访的不同斑块的数量没有差异。除一些激动作用外，在小组试验中未测量到优势，中性和次级鸟类之间觅食行为的差异。集体觅食的家禽可能增加了喂食时间，因为人们无需提高警惕，或者因为它们增加了觅食强度以补偿竞争。这项研究强调，较高的竞争者密度并不一定导致较低的摄入率，而与主导地位无关。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号