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A comparison of the sensory development of wolves (Canis lupus lupus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).

机译：狼（犬天狼疮）和狗（犬天狼疮）的感官发育的比较。

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Little is known about the development of the sensory systems of wolves. The timing of sensory development in wolves is usually extrapolated from studies on dogs, since they are members of the same species. However, early developmental differences between these two subspecies have already been identified. For example, wolves tend to approach and investigate objects in their environment 2 wk before dogs. These changes in developmental timing may play an important role in the behavioral differences between adult wolves and dogs. The purpose of this study is to compare the development of the sensory systems in wolves and dogs. Responses of seven wolf pups and 43 dog pups to familiar and novel olfactory, auditory, and visual stimuli were tested weekly from 2-7 wk of age. Eleven wolf pups were also observed for orientation towards auditory and visual stimuli during 2-h sessions, 5 d a week, from 2-8 wk of age. These observations were supplemented by the daily records of caretakers. The results suggest that wolves and dogs both develop olfaction by 2 wk, audition by 4 wk, and vision by 6 wk on average, despite the 2-wk shift in their ability to explore. This means that when wolves begin to explore at 2 wk, they are blind and deaf, and must rely primarily on their sense of smell. Thus, there is a significant alteration of how these subspecies experience their environment during the critical period of socialization. These findings lead to an alternative explanation for the difference in dogs' and wolves' abilities to form interspecies social attachments, such as those with humans.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12044
机译：关于狼的感觉系统的发展知之甚少。狼的感觉发育时间通常是从对狗的研究中推断出来的，因为它们是同一物种的成员。但是，这两个亚种之间的早期发育差异已经被确定。例如，狼倾向于比狗早2周接近并调查其环境中的物体。这些发育时间的变化可能在成年狼和狗之间的行为差​​异中起重要作用。这项研究的目的是比较狼和狗的感觉系统的发展。从2-7周龄开始每周测试7只狼幼崽和43只狗幼崽对熟悉和新颖的嗅觉，听觉和视觉刺激的反应。从2-8周龄开始，每周5天，每天2小时，在11小时内还观察到11只狼幼崽的听觉和视觉刺激方向。这些观察结果由看护者的每日记录作为补充。结果表明，尽管探索能力发生了2周的变化，但狼和狗的嗅觉平均提高了2周，听觉提高了4周，视力提高了6周。这意味着当狼在2周开始探索时，它们是盲人和聋人，必须主要依靠嗅觉。因此，在社会化的关键时期，这些亚种如何经历其环境的方式发生了重大变化。这些发现导致了对狗和狼形成物种间社会依恋关系（例如与人的关系）的能力的另一种解释。数字对象标识符http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12044

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