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Body Size and Morph as Drivers of Copulation Duration in a Male Dimorphic Damselfly

机译：男性双态豆娘的身体大小和形态作为交配持续时间的驱动力

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摘要

Copulation duration is often highly variable within and among species. Here, we explore the roles of body size, male morph, morph frequency, and alternative reproductive tactics to explain copulation duration in the damselfly Paraphlebia zoe. P.zoe has two male morphs (pigmented or hyaline wings) which differ in reproductive tactics (territorial or non-territorial behaviors). We also analyze the effects of season as the frequencies of both morphs tend to vary along the reproductive season. In the first non-experimental year, we found that the relationship between body size and copulation duration depended on the time of year. Early in the season, body size positively correlated with copulation duration, while late in the year, body size negatively correlated with copulation duration. In the second experimental year (when we reversed the frequency of male morphs in the middle of the season: making pigmented males less frequent than hyaline males), size influenced copulation duration as well as morph body size positively correlated with copulation duration, and hyaline males mated for longer than pigmented males. Contrary to our prediction, changes to the relative abundances of morphs did not influence copulation duration. Hyaline males may be under selection for longer copulation durations to compensate for their reduced access to females, as long copulations potentially lead to more rival sperm to be removed from the female sperm storage organs and/or increased mate guarding. We do not discard, however, other explanations that drive variation in copulation duration such as cryptic female choice and/or predation.
机译：种群内和种群之间的交配持续时间通常是高度可变的。在这里，我们探讨了体型，雄性变体，变体频率和替代生殖策略的作用，以解释豆娘旁生动物交配的持续时间。斑节对虾有两种雄性变体（有色素的或透明的翅膀），其生殖策略（地域性或非地域性）不同。我们还分析了季节的影响，因为两种形态的频率都倾向于沿着生殖季节变化。在第一个非实验年份，我们发现体型与交配持续时间之间的关系取决于一年中的时间。在季节的早期，体重与交配持续时间呈正相关，而在年末，体重与交配持续时间呈负相关。在第二个实验年（当我们在季节中期反转男性变体的频率：使有色男性不如透明质男性更频繁出现时），大小影响了交配持续时间以及与交配持续时间呈正相关的变体体型，以及透明男性交配的时间长于有色的雄性。与我们的预测相反，形态相对丰度的变化不影响交配持续时间。由于长期交配可能导致更多的竞争性精子从雌性精子贮藏器官中移出和/或增强对伴侣的保护，因此可能会选择更长的交配持续时间来弥补男性的透明质，以补偿她们减少接触雌性的机会。但是，我们不会丢弃其他导致交配持续时间变化的解释，例如神秘的雌性选择和/或掠食。

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