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Is Carrying Feathers a Sexually Selected Trait in House Sparrows?

机译：麻雀是性选择的特质吗？

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Males in several avian groups carry specialised materials as part of their courtship display. Females may vary their investment in reproduction in relation to their mates' attractiveness. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) population on Dassen Island, South Africa, builds domed nests in the branches of trees. These nests are more or less spherical structures with a deep cup lined largely with feathers. When males collect feathers, they call to females and display the feather before it is added to the nest. We examined whether carrying feathers provides females with an index of male quality, which correlates with their subsequent investment in parental care. Additionally, we studied the potential importance of feathers in nest insulation. Feathers were collected mainly by males. Males also brought larger feathers, and deposited more feathers in nests, than females. Number of trips with feathers which increased after feathers were experimentally removed from nests and number of feathers brought varied among males. Volume of feathers influenced females' investment in reproduction and positively correlated with clutch size and chick feeding rates. We found more feathers during incubation and immediately after chicks hatched, when nest heat requirements peak. Furthermore, number of trips with feathers and number and size of feathers were greater during incubation. Our results suggest that this feather-carrying behaviour by male house sparrows influences maternal reproduction investment and could be a kind of parental care per se by supplementing nest insulation.
机译：几个鸟类群体中的雄性携带专门的材料作为求偶展示的一部分。雌性可能会根据配偶的吸引力而改变对生殖的投资。南非达森岛上的麻雀（Passer domesticus）种群在树枝上筑起圆顶巢。这些巢或多或少是球形结构，带有深深的杯壁，内衬着羽毛。当雄性收集羽毛时，他们会呼叫雌性并展示羽毛，然后再将其添加到巢中。我们检查了携带羽毛是否为女性提供了男性素质的指标，这与她们随后对父母的照护投资有关。此外，我们研究了羽毛在巢穴保温中的潜在重要性。羽毛主要由雄性采集。雄性也带来了比雌性更大的羽毛，并且在巢中沉积了更多的羽毛。从实验上将羽毛从巢中移出后，带羽毛旅行的次数增加了，而男性带来的羽毛数量也有所不同。羽毛的体积影响雌性对繁殖的投资，并且与离合器的大小和雏鸡的饲喂率成正相关。我们在孵化期间以及雏鸡孵化后，巢热需求达到峰值后立即发现更多羽毛。此外，在孵化过程中，带羽毛的旅行次数以及羽毛的数量和大小都更大。我们的结果表明，雄性麻雀携带羽毛的行为会影响母体繁殖投资，并可能通过补充巢绝缘来本身作为一种父母关怀。

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