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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Does it pay to care?: exploring the costs and benefits of parental care in the hibiscus harlequin bug Tectocoris diophthalmus (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae).
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Does it pay to care?: exploring the costs and benefits of parental care in the hibiscus harlequin bug Tectocoris diophthalmus (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae).

机译：它需要付费吗？：探索芙蓉丑角臭虫Tectocoris diophthalmus（Heteroptera：Scutelleridae）的父母照顾费用和收益。

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摘要

Knowledge of the selective pressures favouring parental care can inform our understanding of the evolutionary origins and transitions of sociality in insects. Here, we report upon investigations designed to estimate the costs and benefits of parental care in the egg-guarding hibiscus harlequin bug Tectocoris diophthalmus (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). We found that the presence of a guarding female had no effect on hatching success under benign laboratory conditions. In the wild, however, guarding decreased the likelihood of total clutch failure, and produced a fourfold greater egg-hatching rate relative to unguarded clutches. Females guarded against generalist invertebrate egg predators, including conspecific nymphs, but were ineffective against hymenopteran egg parasitoids. Females continued to feed during the guarding period and exhibited no signs of weight loss or increased mortality due to this behaviour. We did not observe the production of subsequent clutches in any experimental females; therefore, the lifetime fecundity costs of providing parental care in T. diophthalmus remain indeterminate. Overall, maternal egg guarding appears to function as a relatively low cost-low benefit strategy that increases hatching success by protecting against predation - but not parasitism.
机译：了解有利于父母照顾的选择性压力，可以使我们了解昆虫的进化起源和社交社会的转变。在这里，我们报告有关旨在估计在鸡蛋保护芙蓉丑角虫Tectocoris diophthalmus（Heteroptera：Scutelleridae）中进行父母护理的成本和收益的调查报告。我们发现，在良性实验室条件下，守卫雌的存在对孵化成功没有影响。但是，在野外，防护措施降低了离合器完全失效的可能性，并且与未防护的离合器相比，孵化率提高了四倍。雌性动物对包括无性若虫在内的全无脊椎动物卵食肉动物保持警惕，但对膜翅目卵寄生性寄生虫无效。在守卫期间，雌性继续进食，由于这种行为，没有体重减轻或死亡率增加的迹象。我们没有观察到任何实验雌性随后的离合器的产生。因此，在对侧柏眼中提供父母护理的终生生育成本仍然不确定。总体而言，产妇的卵子保护似乎是一种成本相对较低，效益较低的策略，可通过防止捕食（而不是寄生）来提高孵化成功率。

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