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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Development in the Usage and Comprehension of Greeting Calls in a Free-Ranging Group of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)
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Development in the Usage and Comprehension of Greeting Calls in a Free-Ranging Group of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)

机译：日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata）的免费范围内问候电话的用法和理解的发展

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The main objective of this study is to clarify the developmental process involved in both the usage of greeting calls and the response to greeting calls by Japanese macaques. These greeting calls facilitate affiliative interactions by communicating benign intent. Specifically, individuals frequently emit greeting calls when interacting with less-predictable individuals. Here, we examined whether the targets at which greeting calls are directed, along with associated behavioral responses, differed among the age classes, by conducting a cross-sectional observation of females aged 0-5 yr and their mothers. We found that infant females showed a weak tendency to emit greeting calls at no specific receivers, unlike that by older females. Adult females emitted greeting calls more frequently when approaching unrelated females than related females. In contrast, young adult or juvenile females exhibited no significant difference in the proportion of the calls with related and unrelated conspecifics. Adult and young adult females were more likely to respond affiliatively to other individuals that approached using greeting calls compared with silent approaches, whereas juveniles did not exhibit different responses to the two types of approaches. This study showed that the target-specific usage and affiliative response to greeting calls emerge with changes in the developmental stage. Furthermore, the fact that even young adults did not use greeting calls as adults indicates that the usage of greeting calls is modified in conjunction with the expansion of social relationships.
机译：这项研究的主要目的是阐明使用问候电话和日本猕猴对问候电话的响应所涉及的发展过程。这些问候电话通过传达良性意图来促进联系互动。具体而言，当与难以预测的个人互动时，个人经常发出问候电话。在这里，我们通过对0-5岁年龄段的女性及其母亲进行横断面观察，检查了定向问候的目标以及相关的行为反应在各个年龄段之间是否存在差异。我们发现，与年龄较大的雌性不同，婴儿雌性在没有特定接收者的情况下显示出发出打招呼的弱势。当接近不相关的女性时，成年女性比与之相关的女性发出问候电话的频率更高。相比之下，年轻成年或未成年女性在具有相关和不相关同种异型的电话中所占比例没有显着差异。与无声方式相比，成年和成年女性对使用打招呼方式接近的其他人的亲和力反应更高，而未成年人对这两种方式没有不同的反应。这项研究表明，针对特定目标的用法和对打招呼的隶属反应随着发展阶段的变化而出现。此外，甚至年轻人都没有像成年人那样使用问候电话这一事实表明，问候电话的使用是随着社会关系的扩大而改变的。

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