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Cryptic Kin Selection: Kin Structure in Vertebrate Populations and Opportunities for Kin-Directed Cooperation

机译：隐性亲属选择：脊椎动物种群中的亲属结构和亲属定向合作的机会

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摘要

Animal societies of varying complexity have been the favoured testing ground for inclusive fitness theory, and there is now abundant evidence that kin selection has played a critical role in the evolution of cooperative behaviour. One of the key theoretical and empirical findings underlying this conclusion is that cooperative systems have a degree of kin structure, often the product of delayed dispersal, that facilitates interactions with relatives. However, recent population genetic studies have revealed that many non-cooperative animals also have kin-structured populations, providing more cryptic opportunities for kin selection to operate. In this article, I first review the evidence that kin structure is widespread among non-cooperative vertebrates, and then consider the various contexts in which kin selection may occur in such taxa, including: leks, brood parasitism, crc.ches, breeding associations, territoriality and population dynamics, foraging and predator deterrence. I describe the evidence that kin-selected benefits arise from interacting with kin in each of these contexts, notwithstanding the potential costs of kin competition and inbreeding. I conclude that as the tools required to determine population genetic structure are readily available, measurement of kin structure and the potential for kin selection on a routine basis is likely to reveal that this process has been an important driver of evolutionary adaptation in many non-cooperative as well as cooperative species.
机译：复杂程度各异的动物社会已成为包容性适应理论的首选试验场，并且现在有大量证据表明，亲属选择在合作行为的发展中起着关键作用。该结论所依据的重要理论和经验发现之一是，合作系统具有一定的亲属结构，通常是延迟分散的产物，有助于与亲戚的互动。但是，最近的种群遗传学研究表明，许多不合作的动物也具有亲属结构的种群，为亲属选择提供了更多的隐秘机会。在本文中，我首先回顾了在非合作脊椎动物中亲属结构广泛分布的证据，然后考虑了在此类分类中可能发生亲属选择的各种情况，包括：韭菜，亲鱼寄生，cr，繁殖协会，领土和人口动态，觅食和捕食者威慑。我描述的证据表明，尽管在亲戚竞争和近亲繁殖的潜在成本中，在每种情况下与亲戚互动都会产生亲属选择的收益。我的结论是，由于确定种群遗传结构所需的工具已经很容易获得，对亲属结构的测量和按常规进行亲属选择的潜力很可能表明，这一过程已成为许多非合作社进化适应的重要驱动力以及合作物种。

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