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Influence of Winter Ranging Behaviour on the Social Organization of a Cooperatively Breeding Bird Species, The Apostlebird

机译：冬季测距行为对合作繁殖的鸟类Apostlebird的社会组织的影响

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tMost cooperative breeding bird species live in family groups that are formed through the prolonged association of offspring with their parents. Research into cooperative families has in particular investigated the balance between cooperation and conflict over reproductive decisions. As a consequence of this research focus, social interactions among group members outside the breeding season are rarely studied, despite the fact that they are likely to be crucial for social decisions. We investigated the social dynamics and ranging behaviour of the family group living cooperatively breeding apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) outside the breeding season. Group size changed between, but not within, the seasons, being smaller during the breeding season than in the winter season. This change in group size was a consequence of breeding groups merging after breeding, then splitting again before the next breeding season. While breeding groups used small, non-overlapping home ranges ( = 113 ha) around the nesting site, during winter groups moved up to 1200 ha ( = 598 ha), and interacted frequently with up to four other winter groups. In particular large groups often joined together during winter and spent up to 50% of their time associating with other large winter groups. This apparent fission-fusion system facilitated the exchange of group members, offering the possibility to form new breeding coalitions and new groups. The results of this study suggest that behaviour outside the breeding season can be of considerable importance to the social dynamics of both families and cooperative breeding in such systems.
机译：•大多数合作繁殖鸟类都生活在家族中，这些家族是由后代与父母的长期交往形成的。对合作社家庭的研究尤其研究了合作与冲突对生殖决策的平衡。作为研究重点的结果，繁殖季节之外的群体成员之间的社会互动很少被研究，尽管事实表明它们对于社会决策至关重要。我们调查了在繁殖季节以外共同生活繁殖使徒鸟（Struthidea cinerea）的家庭群体的社会动态和测距行为。群体大小在季节之间但不在季节内变化，在繁殖季节比冬季小。组大小的这种变化是育种组在育种后合并，然后在下一个育种季节之前再次分裂的结果。繁殖小组在筑巢地点周围使用小型的，不重叠的家园范围（ = 113公顷），而在冬季，繁殖组迁移到1200公顷（ = 598公顷），并经常与多达四个其他冬季小组进行互动。特别是大型团体通常在冬季聚集在一起，并花费多达50％的时间与其他大型冬季团体交往。这种明显的裂变融合系统促进了群体成员的交流，为建立新的育种联盟和新群体提供了可能性。这项研究的结果表明，繁殖季节以外的行为对于此类系统中家庭和合作繁殖的社会动态都可能具有相当重要的意义。

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