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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Effects of Familiarity and Population Density on Competitive Interactions and Growth: An Experimental Study on a Territorial Salmonid Fish
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Effects of Familiarity and Population Density on Competitive Interactions and Growth: An Experimental Study on a Territorial Salmonid Fish

机译：熟悉度和人口密度对竞争性相互作用和生长的影响：一条区域鲑鱼的实验研究

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The deleterious effect of competition for space and food in animals increases with increasing population density. In contrast, familiarity towards conspecifics can relax the intensity of interference competition. Here, we hypothesized that familiarity towards conspecifics mitigates the effect of density-dependent growth and dispersal behaviour in territorial animals. To test this, wild-captured juvenile brown trout were subjected to two consecutive laboratory experiments. First, growth and fin erosion were measured for 40 d in a 2 x 2 factorial design manipulating density and familiarity. The density was manipulated via size of experimental tanks, while per capita food abundance and fish number was constant. All fish were subsequently exposed to an emergence test, giving them the option to leave their group and disperse to a novel unoccupied environment. The results show that familiarity increases growth and decreases the level of fin erosion (i.e. proxy of intensity of aggressive interactions). We found no significant effect of population density on growth rate. However, there was a tendency towards higher fin erosion in fish kept under high density. The growth of individuals was also affected by their size rank within the group, with the largest individuals in each group growing disproportionally faster than the rest of the group, probably due to their high social rank. However, the second and third fish in the size rank did not grow significantly faster and tended to suffer higher mortality than the rest of the group. During the emergence test, the largest individuals in the familiar groups left the shelter either as the first (six of 12 groups) or last (five of 12 groups) individual in the group, while no such pattern was observed in unfamiliar groups. Our results suggest that individuals in familiar groups receive less aggression and stress (i.e. fin damage) and grow faster than fish in unfamiliar groups. The mechanisms indicated in this laboratory study may be especially important in highly fecund organisms like fish which undergo density-dependent bottlenecks during early life.
机译：动物的空间和食物竞争的有害影响随着人口密度的增加而增加。相反，对特定物种的熟悉可以放松干扰竞争的强度。在这里，我们假设对特定物种的熟悉减轻了密度依赖性生长和在领土动物中的散布行为的影响。为了测试这一点，对野生捕获的鳟鱼进行了两个连续的实验室实验。首先，在2 x 2阶乘设计中对生长和鳍腐蚀进行了40 d的测量，以控制密度和熟悉度。密度是通过实验水箱的大小来控制的，而人均食物的丰度和鱼的数量是恒定的。随后，所有鱼都进行了出苗测试，使他们可以选择离开小组，分散到一个新的无人居住的环境中。结果表明，熟悉度会增加生长并降低鳍侵蚀的程度（即攻击性相互作用强度的代理）。我们发现人口密度对增长率没有显着影响。但是，高密度养鱼的鳍翅有较高的侵蚀趋势。个体的成长也受他们在小组中的身分等级的影响，每个小组中最大的个人比其他人的成长速度成比例地增加，这可能是由于他们的社会地位较高。但是，大小等级第二和第三条鱼的生长速度并没有明显快于其他组，而且死亡率更高。在出院测试期间，熟悉的群体中最大的个体作为该群体中的第一个（12个群体中的六个）或最后一个（12个群体中的五个）个体离开避难所，而在不熟悉的群体中没有观察到这种模式。我们的结果表明，与不熟悉的群体相比，熟悉群体中的个体受到的攻击和压力（即鳍损伤）更少，并且比鱼类更快地生长。这项实验室研究中指出的机制对于鱼类等高繁殖力生物在生命早期会经历密度依赖性瓶颈的情况可能尤其重要。

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