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Optimisation of fertiliser rates in crop production against energy use indicators.

机译:根据能源使用指标优化作物生产中的肥料用量。

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Optimising mineral nitrogen (N) use in crop production is inevitable target as mineral fertilisers reflect one of the highest inputs both in terms of economy and energy. The aim of the study was to compare the relationship between the rate of N fertiliser application and different measures of energy parameters exemplary data for spring-wheat in boreal climate condition in Estonia in 2006-2010. The effect of mineral N with rates 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 was studied on the background of composted cow manure and without organic fertilisers. Univalent parameters, energy gain (EG) (energy output - energy input) and energy ratio (ER) (energy output/energy input) were calculated. To aggregate parameters with different units (ER and EG) we proposed two standardisation approaches for combined indices. ER maximisation gave both organic fertilisation background optimum N norms significantly lower than EG (p<0.05) optimisation. Both the new combined indices gave optimum N norms in between the rate of ER an EG. Composted cow manure background did not affect mineral N optimisation significantly. We suggest optimisation of mineral N according to bi-dimensional parameters as they capture important features of production efficiency and are more objective using as advisory tool for sustainable production systems.
机译:在作物生产中优化矿物氮的使用是不可避免的目标,因为矿物肥料在经济和能源方面均反映出最高的投入之一。该研究的目的是比较2006-2010年爱沙尼亚北方气候条件下春小麦的氮肥施用量与能源指标不同测量方法之间的关系。在堆肥和不添加有机肥的背景下,研究了N分别为0、40、80、120和160 kg N ha -1 的氮素的影响。计算了单价参数,能量增益(EG)(能量输出-能量输入)和能量比(ER)(能量输出/能量输入)。为了汇总具有不同单位(ER和EG)的参数,我们针对组合索引提出了两种标准化方法。 ER最大化使两种有机施肥背景的最佳N规范均明显低于EG(p <0.05)优化。这两个新的合并指数在ER和EG的比率之间给出了最佳的N范数。堆肥的牛粪背景不会显着影响矿质氮的优化。我们建议根据二维参数优化矿质N,因为它们捕获了生产效率的重要特征,并且更客观地用作可持续生产系统的咨询工具。

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