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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of cancer prevention: The official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) >Hormonal interventions to prevent hormonal cancers: breast and prostate cancers.
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Hormonal interventions to prevent hormonal cancers: breast and prostate cancers.

机译：激素预防荷尔蒙癌症的方法：乳腺癌和前列腺癌。

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In 1998, the concept of breast cancer prevention became a reality with the approval of tamoxifen to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in women at increased risk for the disease. This approval was based on decades of research on selective estrogen receptor modulators providing an understanding of the role of the estrogen receptor in breast cell growth, and an appreciation of the carcinogenic process. Although results from the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial demonstrated a 49% reduction in breast cancer in women at increased risk, there were associated toxicities related to the estrogenic effects of tamoxifen; that is, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and endometrial cancer. In an effort to improve its benefit-risk profile, tamoxifen is now being compared with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator approved for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. This equivalency prevention Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene completed accrual of 19 747 high-risk postmenopausal women in November 2004. Meanwhile, another class of estrogen-directed drugs, the aromatase inhibitors, have shown efficacy in breast cancer adjuvant trials, spawning a number of prevention trials that have recently been initiated. As with breast cancer the hormonal contribution to prostate carcinogenesis was the basis for the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial which showed that finasteride, an androgen antagonist, reduces the incidence of prostate cancer compared to placebo.
机译：1998年，随着三苯氧胺（tamoxifen）的批准，以降低罹患乳腺癌的女性患乳腺癌的风险，该概念成为现实。该批准基于数十年来对选择性雌激素受体调节剂的研究，该研究提供了对雌激素受体在乳腺细胞生长中的作用的理解以及对致癌过程的认识。尽管乳腺癌预防试验的结果表明，风险增加的女性乳腺癌减少了49％，但其相关的毒性与他莫昔芬的雌激素作用有关。即深静脉血栓形成，肺栓塞和子宫内膜癌。为了改善其受益风险，目前正在将他莫昔芬与雷洛昔芬（一种批准用于治疗和预防骨质疏松症的选择性雌激素受体调节剂）进行比较。这项他莫昔芬和雷洛昔芬的等效预防研究于2004年11月完成了对19 747名绝经后高危妇女的应计。与此同时，另一类雌激素导向药物芳香酶抑制剂在乳腺癌辅助试验中显示出疗效，产生了许多预防措施最近开始的试验。与乳腺癌一样，激素对前列腺癌的贡献是前列腺癌预防试验的基础，该试验表明非那雄胺（一种雄激素拮抗剂）与安慰剂相比降低了前列腺癌的发生率。

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