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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Cell Biology: Journal of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Elektronenmikroskopie: Journal of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Zellbiologie >A peculiar lamin in a peculiar mammal: Expression of lamin LIII in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
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A peculiar lamin in a peculiar mammal: Expression of lamin LIII in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

机译：特殊哺乳动物中的特殊lamin：在鸭嘴兽中的lamin LIII的表达（Ornithorhynchus anatinus）

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摘要

Platypus (Omithorhynchus anatinus) holds a unique phylogenetic position at the base of the mammalian lineage due to an amalgamation of mammalian and sauropsid-like features. Here we describe the set of four lamin genes for platypus. Lamins are major components of the nuclear lamina, which constitutes a main component of the nucleoskeleton and is involved in a wide range of nuclear functions. Vertebrate evolution was accompanied by an increase in the number of lamin genes from a single gene in their closest relatives, the tunicates and cephalochordates, to four genes in the vertebrate lineage. Of the four genes the LIII gene is characterized by the presence of two alternatively spliced CaaX-encoding exons. In amphibians and fish LIII is the major lamin protein in oocytes and early embryos. The LIII gene is conserved throughout the vertebrate lineage, with the notable exception of marsupials and placental mammals, which have lost the LIII gene. Here we show that platypus has retained an LIII gene, albeit with a significantly altered structure and with a radically different expression pattern. The platypus LIII gene contains only a single CaaX-encoding exon and the head domain together with coil 1a and part of coil 1b of the platypus LIII protein is replaced by a novel short non-helical N-terminus. It is expressed exclusively in the testis. These features resemble those of male germ cell-specific lamins in placental mammals, in particular those of lamin C2. Our data suggest (i) that the specific functions of LIII, which it fulfills in all other vertebrates, is no longer required in mammals and (ii) once it had been freed from these functions has undergone structural alterations and has adopted a new functionality in monotremes. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
机译：鸭嘴兽（Omithorhynchus anatinus）由于哺乳动物和蜥脚类动物特征的融合而在哺乳动物谱系的基部拥有独特的系统发生位置。在这里我们描述了鸭嘴兽的四个lamin基因的集合。核纤层是核纤层的主要成分，它构成核骨架的主要成分，并参与多种核功能。脊椎动物的进化伴随着lamin基因数量的增加，从它们最亲近的单个基因，被膜和头状线虫，到脊椎动物谱系中的四个基因，都增加了。在这四个基因中，LIII基因的特征是存在两个交替剪接的编码CaaX的外显子。在两栖动物和鱼类中，LIII是卵母细胞和早期胚胎中的主要层粘蛋白。 LIII基因在整个脊椎动物谱系中都是保守的，有袋动物和胎盘哺乳动物除外，它们丢失了LIII基因。在这里，我们显示鸭嘴兽保留了一个LIII基因，尽管其结构发生了显着改变，表达模式也发生了根本性的变化。鸭嘴兽LIII基因仅包含一个单一的CaaX编码外显子，而鸭嘴兽LIII蛋白的线圈1a和部分线圈1b的头部结构域则被新的短非螺旋N末端取代。它仅在睾丸中表达。这些特征类似于胎盘哺乳动物中雄性生殖细胞特异性lamin的特征，特别是lamin C2的特征。我们的数据表明，（i）它在所有其他脊椎动物中都具有的LIII的特定功能在哺乳动物中不再需要;（ii）一旦摆脱了这些功能，其结构便发生了变化，并在其中采用了新的功能。单调。 （C）2015 Elsevier GmbH。版权所有。

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