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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of physics: A journal of the European Physical Society >Experimental study of viscous friction in undergraduate physics laboratory: introduction of phase diagrams to analyse dynamic equilibrium
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Experimental study of viscous friction in undergraduate physics laboratory: introduction of phase diagrams to analyse dynamic equilibrium

机译：在大学物理实验室进行粘滞摩擦的实验研究：引入相图以分析动态平衡

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In this work we propose using phase diagrams to explain the dynamical behaviour of simple mechanical systems. First the motion of the system x (t) is experimentally measured, and then the derivatives, v(t) and a(t), are obtained from it and the motion equation f (x, v, a) = 0 is represented graphically. This idea is applied to the study of a system with linear viscous drag, explaining the evolution of the system towards the dynamical equilibrium point corresponding to the limit velocity. The phase diagrams of the viscous drag are compared with those of the Coulomb drag, which is not continuous and does not necessarily lead to a uniformly accelerated motion. The method is illustrated by an experiment in a dynamic track with magnetic damping. The use of phase diagrams allows for the checking the linearity of this damping. Moreover it allows for the identification of the existence of a small Coulomb drag between the track and the cart that appears as a small discontinuity of the function a (v) when the direction of the movement changes.
机译：在这项工作中，我们建议使用相图来解释简单机械系统的动力学行为。首先通过实验测量系统x（t）的运动，然后从中获得导数v（t）和a（t），并以图形表示运动方程f（x，v，a）= 0 。这个想法被应用到具有线性粘滞阻力的系统的研究中，解释了系统向与极限速度相对应的动态平衡点的演化。将粘性阻力的相图与库仑阻力的相图进行比较，该相图不是连续的并且不一定导致均匀加速的运动。通过在具有磁阻尼的动态轨道上进行的实验对这种方法进行了说明。使用相位图可以检查该阻尼的线性度。而且，它允许识别在轨道和手推车之间是否存在小的库仑阻力，当运动方向改变时，该阻力表现为功能a（v）的小的不连续性。

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