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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Plant Pathology >Inoculum availability and seasonal survival of Potebniamyces pyri in pear orchards
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Inoculum availability and seasonal survival of Potebniamyces pyri in pear orchards

机译：梨园中波氏杆菌的接种量和季节性存活

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摘要

Potebniamyces pyri (anamorph Phacidiopycnis piri) is the causal agent of Phacidiopycnis rot, a postharvest disease of pear fruit (Pyrus communis). Infections of pear fruit by P. pyri occur in the orchard, and symptoms develop after harvest during storage or in the market. P. pyri also is the cause of a canker and twig dieback disease of pear trees. To determine inoculum availability of P. pyri, dead bark and dead fruit spurs were periodically collected in two commercial 'd'Anjou' pear orchards and examined for the presence and viability of fruiting bodies of P. pyri. To determine seasonal survival of P. pyri, 2-year-old twigs of 'd'Anjou' pear in a research orchard were inoculated approximately monthly over 2 years with P. pyri and monitored for canker development. Inoculated twigs were removed from the trees 6 months post inoculation and examined for formation, viability of pycnidia of P. pyri, and reisolation of the pathogen. In both commercial orchards, all sampled trees were infected by P. pyri; viable pycnidia of P. pyri were observed on 42-78 % of the sampled bark and 5-32 % of the sampled fruit spurs; and viable conidia were observed at all sampling times during the fruit growing season. Apothecia of P. pyri also were observed on sampled dead bark and fruit spurs, but at a frequency ranging from 0 % to 19 %. P. pyri was recovered from inoculated twigs 6 months after inoculation at all sampling times during the 2-year study, but recovery frequency varied. P. pyri formed pycnidia on most cold-injured and inoculated twigs. The results suggest that: i) the conidial state of P. pyri is the main type of inoculum in pear orchards in the region; ii) viable inoculum of P. pyri for potential fruit infections is available during the pear fruit-growing season; iii) P. pyri can form pycnidia on cankers of twigs infected by the fungus at different seasons during the year; and iv) P. pyri can survive as mycelium in diseased pear twigs year round in the orchard.
机译：Potebniamyces pyri（无性型Phacidiopycnis piri）是Phacidiopycnis腐烂的病原体，这是梨果实（Pyrus communis）的一种收获后疾病。在果园中会发生P. pyri感染梨果实的现象，在储存或市场中收获后会出现症状。 P. pyri也是引起梨树溃疡和树枝枯萎病的原因。为了确定P. pyri的接种量，定期在两个“ d'Anjou”梨果园中收集死皮和死果刺，并检查P. pyri子实体的存在和生存能力。为了确定P. pyri的季节性存活率，在研究果园中的2岁小树枝“ d'Anjou”梨在2年内大约每月接种P. pyri，并监测其can病的发生。接种后6个月，从树上取下接种的树枝，并检查其形成，pyrpypyidia pycnidia的生存力和病原体的重新分离。在两个商业果园中，所有取样的树木均被P. pyri感染;在42-78％的采样树皮和5-32％的水果刺中观察到了P. pyri的活产子cn。在果实生长季节的所有采样时间都观察到了分生孢子。在取样的死皮和果实刺上也观察到了P. pyri的鬼臼病，但频率为0％至19％。在为期2年的研究中，在所有采样时间点接种6个月后，从接种小枝中恢复了P. pyri，但恢复频率有所不同。 P. pyri在大多数冷伤和接种的小树枝上形成了股癣。结果表明：i）梨果球菌的分生孢子状态是该地区梨园接种物的主要类型; ii）在梨的果实生长季节，可获得用于潜在的果实感染的P. pyri接种物; iii）在一年中的不同季节，P。pyri可以在被真菌感染的小枝的鳞茎上形成脓疱; iv）一年四季果园中的梨枝中，P。pyri可以作为菌丝体生存。

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