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首页> 外文期刊>Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution >Morpho morphometrics: Shared ancestry and selection drive the evolution of wing size and shape in Morpho butterflies
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Morpho morphometrics: Shared ancestry and selection drive the evolution of wing size and shape in Morpho butterflies

机译：Morpho形态计量学：共同的祖先和选择驱动着Morpho蝴蝶的机翼大小和形状的演变

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摘要

Butterfly wings harbor highly diverse phenotypes and are involved in many functions. Wing size and shape result from interactions between adaptive processes, phylogenetic history, and developmental constraints, which are complex to disentangle. Here, we focus on the genus Morpho (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae, 30 species), which presents a high diversity of sizes, shapes, and color patterns. First, we generate a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of these 30 species. Next, using 911 collection specimens, we quantify the variation of wing size and shape across species, to assess the importance of shared ancestry, microhabitat use, and sexual selection in the evolution of the wings. While accounting for phylogenetic and allometric effects, we detect a significant difference in wing shape but not size among microhabitats. Fore and hindwings covary at the individual and species levels, and the covariation differs among microhabitats. However, the microhabitat structure in covariation disappears when phylogenetic relationships are taken into account. Our results demonstrate that microhabitat has driven wing shape evolution, although it has not strongly affected forewing and hindwing integration. We also found that sexual dimorphism of forewing shape and color pattern are coupled, suggesting a common selective force.
机译：蝴蝶翅膀具有高度多样的表型，并参与许多功能。机翼的大小和形状是由适应过程，系统发育史和发育限制因素之间的相互作用导致的，这些因素很难分解。在这里，我们重点介绍Morpho属（Nymphalidae：Satyrinae，30种），它具有多种多样的大小，形状和颜色模式。首先，我们对这30个物种产生了全面的分子系统发育。接下来，我们使用911采集标本量化各个物种的机翼大小和形状的变化，以评估共同祖先，使用微栖息地以及进行机翼性选择的重要性。虽然考虑到系统发育和异速生长的影响，我们发现机翼形状之间存在显着差异，但微栖息地之间却没有大小差异。前翅和后翅在个体和物种水平上均呈弓形变化，并且在微生境之间其协变也不同。但是，考虑到系统发生关系，协变中的微生境结构就会消失。我们的研究结果表明，微栖息地虽然没有强烈影响前翅和后翅的融合，但已推动了机翼形状的演变。我们还发现前翅形状和颜色模式的性二态性是耦合的，表明存在共同的选择力。

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