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首页> 外文期刊>Evolution and Human Behavior >Honest signaling in trust interactions: smiles rated as genuine induce trust and signal higher earning opportunities
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Honest signaling in trust interactions: smiles rated as genuine induce trust and signal higher earning opportunities

机译：信任互动中的诚实信号：被评为“真正”的笑容会诱导信任并发出更高的赚钱机会

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摘要

We test the hypothesis that smiles perceived as honest serve as a signal that has evolved to induce cooperation in situations requiring mutual trust. Potential trustees (84 participants from Toulouse, France) made two video clips averaging around 15 seconds for viewing by potential senders before the latter decided whether to 'send' or 'keep' a lower stake (4 euros) or higher stake (8 euros). Senders (198 participants from Lyon, France) made trust decisions with respect to the recorded clips. If money was sent to the trustee, stakes were tripled and trustees could decide to keep all, two thirds or one half of the tripled stakes. Clips were further rated concerning the genuineness of the displayed smiles. We observe that smiles rated as more genuine strongly predict judgments about the trustworthiness of trustees, and willingness to send them money. We observe a relation between costs and benefits: smiles from trustees playing for higher stakes are rated as significantly more genuine. Finally, we show that those rated as smiling genuinely return more money on average to senders. An increase of one standard deviation in rating of smile genuineness is associated with an unconditional expected gain of about one dollar and thirty cents to senders in the two trials of the experiment. Potential gains for senders could be significantly increased from taking smiles rated as genuine into account. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
机译：我们检验了一个假设，即被认为是诚实的微笑是一种信号，该信号已演变为在需要相互信任的情况下引发合作的信号。潜在的受托人（来自法国图卢兹的84名参与者）制作了两个平均约15秒的视频片段，供潜在发件人查看，然后由后者决定是“发送”还是“保留”较低股份（4欧元）或较高股份（8欧元） 。发件人（来自法国里昂的198名参与者）对录制的剪辑做出了信任决定。如果将钱寄给了受托人，那么股份将增加三倍，而受托人可以决定保留全部，三分之二或一半的三倍股份。关于所显示微笑的真实性，剪辑被进一步分级。我们观察到，被评定为更真实的微笑强烈地预测了关于受托人的信任度以及向他们寄钱的意愿的判断。我们观察到成本与收益之间的关系：受托人为​​争取更高的赌注而做出的微笑被认为是真实得多。最后，我们证明，被评为微笑的人平均可以向发件人平均退还更多钱。在两次试验中，微笑真实性等级的一个标准偏差的增加与给发送者的无条件预期收益分别约一美元和三十美分有关。考虑到被认为是真诚的微笑，发件人的潜在收益可能会大大增加。 （C）2015作者。由Elsevier Inc.发布

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