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首页> 外文期刊>Experimental dermatology >Black tattoo inks induce reactive oxygen species production correlating with aggregation of pigment nanoparticles and product brand but not with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content
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Black tattoo inks induce reactive oxygen species production correlating with aggregation of pigment nanoparticles and product brand but not with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content

机译：黑色纹身墨水会诱导产生活性氧，这与颜料纳米粒子和产品品牌的聚集有关，但与多环芳烃含量无关

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摘要

Black tattoo inks are composed of carbon nanoparticles, additives and water and may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We aimed to clarify whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by black inks in vitro is related to pigment chemistry, physico-chemical properties of the ink particles and the content of chemical additives and contaminants including PAHs. The study included nine brands of tattoo inks of six colours each (black, red, yellow, blue, green and white) and two additional black inks of different brands (n = 56). The ROS formation potential was determined by the dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) assay. A semiquantitative method was developed for screening extractable organic compounds in tattoo ink based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Two black inks produced high amounts of ROS. Peroxyl radicals accounted for up to 72% of the free radicals generated, whereas hydroxyl radicals and H2O2 accounted for 14% and 16%, respectively. The same two inks aggregated strongly in water in contrast to the other black inks. They did not exhibit any shared pattern in PAHs and other organic substances. Aggregation was exclusively shared by all ink colours belonging to the same two brands. Ten of 11 black inks had PAH concentrations exceeding the European Council's recommended level, and all 11 exceeded the recommended level for benzo(a)pyrene. It is a new finding that aggregation of tattoo pigment particles correlates with ROS production and brand, independently of chemical composition including PAHs. ROS is hypothesized to be implicated in minor clinical symptoms.
机译：黑色纹身墨水由碳纳米颗粒，添加剂和水组成，并且可能包含多环芳烃（PAH）。我们旨在弄清黑色墨水在体外引起的活性氧（ROS）是否与颜料化学，墨水颗粒的理化性质以及化学添加剂和污染物（包括PAHs）的含量有关。这项研究包括九个品牌的纹身墨水，每种颜色六种颜色（黑色，红色，黄色，蓝色，绿色和白色），以及另外两个不同品牌的黑色墨水（n = 56）。 ROS的形成潜力通过二氯荧光素（DCFH）测定来确定。开发了一种基于气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）筛选纹身墨水中可萃取有机化合物的半定量方法。两种黑色墨水产生大量的ROS。过氧自由基最多占产生的自由基的72％，而羟基自由基和过氧化氢分别占<14％和16％。与其他黑色墨水相比，相同的两种墨水在水中强烈聚集。它们在多环芳烃和其他有机物质中未表现出任何共享模式。属于同一两个品牌的所有墨水颜色都专门共享聚合。 11种黑色墨水中有10种的PAH浓度超过了欧洲理事会的建议水平，所有11种黑色墨水均超过了苯并（a）re的建议水平。一个新发现是纹身颜料颗粒的聚集与ROS的产生和品牌相关，而与包括PAHs在内的化学成分无关。 ROS被认为与轻微的临床症状有关。

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