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Microscopy-based quantitative analysis of lung structure: application in diagnosis

机译：基于显微镜的肺结构定量分析：在诊断中的应用

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Introduction: Stereology provides a set of methods that are appropriate for a microscopy-based quantitative assessment of lung structure. In general, the aim of stereology is to obtain information on three-dimensional structures from two-dimensional sections of these structures. The inherent impartiality of stereological principles is critical in order to meet the requirements of 'good laboratory practice'. Areas covered: This article is a systematic review of the applications of stereology to characterize pathological alterations of emphysema, fibrosis, acute lung injury and tumor grading. The reader is provided with a general overview of unbiased or design-based stereology and is provided with some examples of how these methods could be integrated into a diagnostic work-up of lung diseases in humans and animal models. The article also reviews the implications of a published statement, which defines standards for quantitative assessment of lung structure based on stereology, by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. Expert opinion: In view of the recently published standards for quantitative assessment of lung structure, unbiased stereological methods are strongly recommended, particularly as they provide valuable information in diagnosing lung diseases and allow a statistically valid quantitative comparison between different groups. Future developments will make the application of stereology in lung biology and pathology even more efficient. Moreover, there is also the potential for combing the principles of stereology with other imaging modalities (e.g., radiological), which will allow for non-invasive lung stereology.
机译：简介：立体学提供了一组适用于基于显微镜的肺结构定量评估的方法。通常，立体学的目的是从这些结构的二维截面中获取有关三维结构的信息。立体学原理的固有公正性对于满足“良好实验室规范”的要求至关重要。涵盖的领域：本文是系统地评估立体化在表征肺气肿，纤维化，急性肺损伤和肿瘤分级等病理改变方面的应用的研究。为读者提供了无偏见或基于设计的立体感的一般概述，并提供了一些示例说明如何将这些方法整合到人和动物模型中的肺部疾病的诊断研究中。本文还回顾了美国胸科学会和欧洲呼吸学会发表的声明的含义，该声明定义了基于立体学的肺结构定量评估标准。专家意见：鉴于最近发布的肺结构定量评估标准，强烈建议采用无偏见的体视学方法，特别是因为它们为诊断肺部疾病提供了有价值的信息，并允许在不同组之间进行统计学上有效的定量比较。未来的发展将使立体学在肺生物学和病理学中的应用更加有效。此外，还可能将立体学原理与其他成像方式（例如放射学）相结合，这将允许非侵入性肺部立体学。

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