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Synaptic alterations associated with depression and schizophrenia: potential as a therapeutic target

机译：与抑郁症和精神分裂症相关的突触改变：作为治疗靶标的潜力

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Introduction: In recent years, the concept of synaptopathy' has been extended from neurodegenerative and neurological disorders to psychiatric diseases. According to this nascent line of research, disruption in synaptic structure and function acts as the main determinant of mental illness. Therefore, molecular systems and processes crucial for synaptic activity may represent promising therapeutic targets.Areas covered: We review data on synaptic structural alterations in depression and schizophrenia and on specific molecular systems and/or mechanisms important for the maintenance of proper synaptic function. Specifically, we examine the involvement of the neuroligin system, the local protein translation, and the neurotrophin BDNF by reviewing clinical and preclinical studies, with particular attention to results provided by using animal models based on the role of stress in psychiatric diseases. Finally, we also discuss the impact of pharmacological treatment on these molecular systems/mechanisms.Expert opinion: The relevance of synaptic dysfunctions in psychiatric diseases is undoubted and the potential to normalize, ameliorate, and shape such alterations by acting on molecular systems crucial to ensure synaptic function property is fascinating. However, future studies are required to elucidate several open issues.
机译：简介：近年来，突触病的概念已从神经退行性疾病和神经系统疾病扩展到精神疾病。根据这一新兴的研究方向，突触结构和功能的破坏是精神疾病的主要决定因素。因此，对于突触活动至关重要的分子系统和过程可能代表了有希望的治疗靶点。涵盖的领域：我们审查了抑郁症和精神分裂症中突触结构改变以及对维持适当突触功能重要的特定分子系统和/或机制的数据。具体来说，我们通过审查临床和临床前研究来检查神经胶蛋白系统，局部蛋白翻译和神经营养蛋白BDNF的参与，尤其要注意使用基于应激在精神疾病中作用的动物模型提供的结果。最后，我们还讨论了药物治疗对这些分子系统/机制的影响。专家意见：精神病中突触功能障碍的相关性毋庸置疑，并且通过作用于对确保分子功能至关重要的分子系统起作用，可以正常化，改善和形成这种改变的潜力。突触功能特性令人着迷。但是，需要进一步的研究来阐明一些未解决的问题。

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