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Targeting the signaling pathways in cancer therapy

机译：靶向癌症治疗中的信号通路

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摘要

Cancer cells are characterized by the presence of multiple genetic alterations and the accumulation of these alterations drives the progression of normal cells to invasive cancer. During the journey to carcinogenesis, at least four to six genetic mutations are required to liberate neoplastic cells from normal cells [1]. In recent years, extensive genetic researches and the next-generation sequencing technology-based whole-genome sequencing studies have enhanced our understanding on the complexity of molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development [2]. Scientists have refined and extended the concept of cancer hallmarks to provide a useful conceptual framework for depicting the complex biology of cancer [3]. Pathway-based approaches and functional experimental studies also aid in identifying the underlying carcinogenesis of different signaling pathways in cancer, which may pave the way for more effective treatments and better outcomes.
机译：癌细胞的特征是存在多种遗传变异，这些变异的积累驱动正常细胞向浸润性癌症发展。在致癌过程中，至少需要4到6个基因突变才能使肿瘤细胞从正常细胞中释放出来[1]。近年来，广泛的遗传研究和基于下一代测序技术的全基因组测序研究增强了我们对癌症发展潜在分子机制的复杂性的了解[2]。科学家已经完善和扩展了癌症标志的概念，为描述癌症的复杂生物学提供了有用的概念框架[3]。基于途径的方法和功能性实验研究还有助于确定癌症中不同信号通路的潜在致癌作用，这可能为更有效的治疗和更好的结果铺平道路。

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