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Targeted biological therapies for pain.

机译：针对疼痛的靶向生物疗法。

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INTRODUCTION: Chronic pain is often resistant to currently used drugs. The effect of these is frequently self-limiting, with increasing level of side effects caused by increased doses. Biological pain therapies provide a means to target molecules to specific types of neural cells in spatially limited areas. Targeted biological therapies utilize agents acting at specific sites, or virus or cell vectors allowing expression and secretion of transgenic substances in small anatomical compartments. Biological approaches to treatment of chronic pain may be able to provide greater analgesic efficacy, avoiding many of the limitations associated with current analgesics. AREAS COVERED: The most important targets and tools for biological therapy of pain. Basic approaches, preclinical trials and the clinical studies successfully completed. The rationale and tools for biological therapies. EXPERT OPINION: Biological therapy of pain holds great promise and is rapidly developing. Despite the significant numbers of preclinical studies in the last two decades only a single biological agent, the cone snail toxin ziconotide, has been advanced through all stages and licensed for clinical use. Biological therapy of pain is thus here to stay, but will need more substantial proof of efficacy and safety before being widely accepted and routinely used.
机译：简介：慢性疼痛通常对目前使用的药物有抵抗力。这些作用通常是自限性的，由剂量增加引起的副作用增加。生物止痛疗法提供了一种将分子靶向空间受限区域中特定类型的神经细胞的方法。靶向生物疗法利用作用于特定位点的试剂或病毒或细胞载体，从而允许在小型解剖隔室内表达和分泌转基因物质。生物学方法治疗慢性疼痛可能能够提供更大的镇痛效果，避免了与当前镇痛药相关的许多局限性。涵盖的领域：疼痛生物治疗的最重要目标和工具。基本方法，临床前试验和临床研究均已成功完成。生物疗法的原理和工具。专家意见：疼痛的生物疗法具有广阔的前景，并且正在迅速发展。尽管在过去的二十年中进行了大量的临床前研究，但只有一种生物制剂，即锥蜗牛毒素ziconotide，已经在所有阶段得到了发展，并已获许可用于临床。因此，疼痛的生物疗法仍然存在，但是在被广泛接受和常规使用之前，将需要更充分的疗效和安全性证据。

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