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Therapeutic vaccines for leishmaniasis

机译：利什曼病的治疗疫苗

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Introduction: Numerous therapeutic strategies are used to treat leishmaniasis. The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is solely depends on antimonate derivatives with safety issues and questionable efficacy and there is no fully effective modality to treat CL caused by Leishmania tropica and Leishmania braziliensis. Areas covered: There is no prophylactic vaccine available against any form of leishmaniasis. Immunotherapy for CL has a long history; immunotherapy trials of first and second generation vaccines showed promising results. The current article briefly covers the prophylactic vaccines and explains different immunotherapy strategies that have been used to treat leishmaniasis. This paper does not include experimental vaccines and only lays emphasis on human trials and those vaccines which reached human trials. Expert opinion: Immunotherapy is currently used to successfully treat several disorders; Low cost, limited side effects and no possibility to develop resistance make immunotherapy a valuable choice especially for infectious disease with chemotherapy problems. Efforts are needed to explore the immunological surrogate marker(s) of cure and protection in leishmaniasis and overcome the difficulties in standardization of crude Leishmania vaccines. One of the reasons for anti-leishmaniasis vaccine failure is lack of an appropriate adjuvant. So far, not enough attention has been paid to develop vaccines for immunotherapy of leishmaniasis.
机译：简介：许多治疗策略用于治疗利什曼病。皮肤利什曼病（CL）的治疗仅取决于锑酸盐衍生物，存在安全性问题且疗效可疑，尚无完全有效的方法来治疗由热带利什曼原虫和巴西利什曼原虫引起的CL。覆盖区域：没有针对任何形式的利什曼病的预防性疫苗。 CL的免疫疗法历史悠久。第一代和第二代疫苗的免疫疗法试验显示出可喜的结果。本文简要介绍了预防性疫苗，并解释了已用于治疗利什曼病的不同免疫疗法。本文不包括实验性疫苗，而仅侧重于人体试验和已达到人体试验的那些疫苗。专家意见：目前，免疫疗法已成功用于治疗多种疾病。低成本，有限的副作用以及不可能产生耐药性使免疫疗法成为有价值的选择，尤其是对于具有化学疗法问题的传染病。需要努力探索用于治疗和保护利什曼病的免疫替代指标，并克服标准化利什曼原虫疫苗的困难。抗利什曼病疫苗失败的原因之一是缺乏合适的佐剂。迄今为止，对开发用于利什曼病的免疫疗法的疫苗没有给予足够的重视。

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