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Inhibiting the inhibitors: evaluating agents targeting cancer immunosuppression.

机译：抑制抑制剂：评估靶向癌症免疫抑制的药物。

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IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Immunotherapy of cancer has not improved disease-free or overall patient survival. The lack of concordance between immunological and clinical responses in cancer immunotherapy trials is thought to result from the pervasive presence of tumor-driven immune suppression that allows tumor to escape and that has not been adequately targeted by current therapies. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: Because multiple mechanisms of tumor induced suppression have been identified and shown to contribute to tumor escape, the opportunity arises to interfere with these mechanisms. A range of known tumor-derived inhibitors can now be blocked or neutralized by biologic or metabolic agents. Used alone or in combination with each other or with conventional cancer therapies, these agents offer novel therapeutic strategies for the control of tumor escape. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: This review deals with currently available inhibitors for counteracting tumor immune escape. The restoration of effective anti-tumor immunity in patients with cancer will require new approaches aiming at: i) protection of immune cells from adverse effects of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells or inhibitory factors thus enhancing effector functions; and ii) prolonging survival of central memory T cells, thus ensuring long-term protection. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: Inhibitors of mechanisms responsible for tumor escape could restore anti-tumor immune responses in patients with cancer.
机译：领域的重要性：癌症的免疫疗法并未改善无病或患者的整体生存率。在癌症免疫疗法试验中，免疫学和临床反应之间缺乏一致性被认为是由于肿瘤驱动的免疫抑制的普遍存在导致的，这种免疫抑制使肿瘤得以逃逸并且目前的治疗方法尚未充分靶向。这篇综述涵盖的领域：由于已经确定了多种肿瘤诱导的抑制机制，并显示出其有助于肿瘤逃逸，因此出现了干扰这些机制的机会。现在，一系列已知的肿瘤来源的抑制剂可以被生物或代谢剂阻断或中和。这些药物单独使用或彼此结合使用，或与常规癌症疗法结合使用，可为控制肿瘤逃逸提供新的治疗策略。读者所能获得的益处：这篇评论涉及目前可用于抵抗肿瘤免疫逃逸的抑制剂。恢复癌症患者有效的抗肿瘤免疫力将需要新的方法，其目的是：i）保护免疫细胞免受髓样来源的抑制细胞，调节性T细胞或抑制因子的不利影响，从而增强效应子功能; ii）延长中央记忆T细胞的存活，从而确保长期保护。温馨提示：导致肿瘤逃逸的机制抑制剂可以恢复癌症患者的抗肿瘤免疫反应。

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