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Mutation mechanisms that underlie turnover of a human telomere-adjacent segmental duplication containing an unstable minisatellite.

机译:突变机制是人类端粒-邻近节段重复的转换的基础,该节段重复包含不稳定的小卫星。

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摘要

Subterminal regions, juxtaposed to telomeres on human chromosomes, contain a high density of segmental duplications, but relatively little is known about the evolutionary processes that underlie sequence turnover in these regions. We have characterized a segmental duplication adjacent to the Xp/Yp telomere, each copy containing a hypervariable array of the DXYS14 minisatellite. Both DXYS14 repeat arrays mutate at a high rate (0.3 and 0.2% per gamete) but linkage disequilibrium analysis across 27 SNPs and a direct crossover assay show that recombination during meiosis is suppressed. Therefore instability at DXYS14a and b is dominated by intra-allelic processes or possibly conversion limited to the repeat arrays. Furthermore some chromosomes (14%) carry only one copy of the duplicon, including one DXYS14 repeat array that is also highly mutable (1.2% per gamete). To explain these and other observations, we propose there is another low-rate mutation process that causes copy number change in part or all ofthe duplicon.
机译:与人类染色体上的端粒并列的亚末端区域含有高密度的节段重复,但对这些区域中序列更新基础的进化过程了解甚少。我们已经表征了邻近Xp / Yp端粒的区段重复,每个拷贝都包含DXYS14小卫星的超变阵列。两个DXYS14重复序列的突变率很高(每配子0.3和0.2%),但27个SNP的连锁不平衡分析和直接交叉分析表明减数分裂过程中的重组受到抑制。因此,DXYS14a和b的不稳定性主要受等位基因内过程或可能仅限于重复阵列的转化的影响。此外,一些染色体(14%)仅携带一份复制子,包括一个DXYS14重复阵列,该阵列也是高度易变的(每配子1.2%)。为了解释这些和其他观察结果,我们提出了另一个低速率突变过程,该过程导致部分或全部双链拷贝数的拷贝数变化。

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