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Age- and speed-related differences in harmonic ratios during walking

机译：步行过程中与年龄和速度相关的谐波比率差异

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摘要

Harmonic ratios (HRs), derived from trunk accelerations, measure smoothness of trunk motion during gait; higher ratios indicate greater smoothness. Previous research indicates that young adults optimize HRs at preferred pace, exhibiting reduced HRs at speeds faster and slower than preferred. Recent studies examining HRs and other trunk acceleration measures challenge this finding. The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in HRs across a range of self-selected overground walking speeds. Anteroposterior (AP), vertical (VT), and mediolateral (ML) HRs were examined in 13 young adults (ages 20-23), 13 healthy older adults (ages 60-69), and 13 healthy old-old adults (ages 80-86) while walking overground at very slow, slow, preferred, fast, and very fast speeds. Young and older adults exhibited similar HRs in all directions of motion across speeds, while old-old adults exhibited lower AP- and VT-HRs. All groups exhibited reduced HRs at speeds slower than preferred. However, there were no differences in HRs between preferred and faster speeds, with the exception of reduced VT-HRs in the very fast condition for the older groups. The ML-HR was not different between groups, and varied less across speeds. Stride time variability exhibited inverse relations with, and independently contributed to, HRs across speeds; lower stride time variability was associated with greater smoothness of trunk motion. Older groups were not disproportionately affected by walking more slowly and smoothness of trunk motion did not show a clear pattern of optimization at preferred pace for any group.
机译：从躯干加速度得出的谐波比（HRs）可测量步态中躯干运动的平滑度;较高的比率表示较高的平滑度。先前的研究表明，年轻人以优选的速度优化心率，表现出比优选的速度快和慢的心率降低。最近研究HR和其他躯干加速措施的研究对这一发现提出了挑战。这项研究的目的是研究在一系列自行选择的地面步行速度中，与年龄相关的人力资源差异。在13位年轻成年人（20-23岁），13位健康老年人（60-69岁）和13位健康老年人（80岁）中检查了前后位（AP），垂直（VT）和中外侧（ML）HR -86）以非常慢，慢，首选，快和非常快的速度在地面上行走。年轻人和老年人在各个速度的运动各个方向上都表现出相似的心率，而老年人则表现出较低的AP和VT-HR。所有组均显示出降低的HR，且速度低于首选速度。但是，首选速度和较快速度之间的心率没有差异，但老年组在非常快的情况下VT-HR降低了。各组之间的ML-HR并无差异，并且各速度之间的差异较小。跨步时间可变性与跨速度的HR呈反比关系，并独立地促成它们的变化。较低的步幅时间变异性与躯干运动的平稳性相关。年龄较大的组不会受到更慢的步行的不成比例的影响，躯干运动的平稳性并没有显示出任何组在优选的步伐下都具有明显的优化模式。

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