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THE GENETIC APPROACH TO PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT

机译：面包小麦生理研究的遗传方法

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摘要

Genetics has long been applied as a tool to dissect biological processes in plants. Using genetic approaches, the phenotypic variation for many traits has received physiological and molecular genetic characterization. The natural variation for most physiological traits such as developmental processes, vegetative growth, nutrient uptake and utilization, stress tolerance and adaptation, etc., is continuous and determined by multiple genes. In addition, these traits are environmentally dependent and, therefore, their genetic analysis requires a quantitative trait locus (QTL)-based approach in which linkage maps are combined with phenotypic data. The large genome and the allopolyploid nature of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have long been substantial barriers to genetic dissection of quantitative traits. The boost in molecular marker technologies, the generation of dense linkage maps, coupled with improved statistical methods and development of precise genetic stocks have immensely increased the power of genetic analysis of complex physiological traits in wheat. In this paper, recent applications to two important phenology processes in bread wheat - seed germination and flowering time, are presented. These are examples of using QTL approach and novel segregating populations to map responsible loci followed by the use of the homology-based understanding of plant gene functionality to suggest the putative function of the candidate genes within the regions harboring the detected QTL. The gained knowledge could aid the fine tuning of seasonal phenology in wheat cultivars tailored for growing in specific environments and in response to climatic changes.
机译：长期以来，遗传学一直被用作剖析植物生物学过程的工具。使用遗传方法，许多性状的表型变异已获得生理和分子遗传特征。大多数生理特征（例如发育过程，营养生长，养分吸收和利用，胁迫耐受性和适应性等）的自然变异是连续的，并由多个基因决定。此外，这些性状是环境依赖性的，因此，它们的遗传分析需要基于定量性状基因座（QTL）的方法，其中将连锁图谱与表型数据结合在一起。面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的大基因组和异源多倍体性质长期以来一直是数量性状遗传解剖的重要障碍。分子标记技术的发展，紧密连锁图谱的产生，改进的统计方法以及精确遗传种群的发展极大地提高了小麦复杂生理性状遗传分析的能力。本文介绍了面包小麦两个重要物候过程的最新应用-种子发芽和开花时间。这些是使用QTL方法和新型分离种群定位负责位点的实例，然后使用基于同源性的植物基因功能性理解来暗示候选基因在包含检测到的QTL的区域内的假定功能。获得的知识可以帮助微调适合在特定环境中生长并适应气候变化的小麦品种的季节性物候。

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