Most human activities take place in the surficial formations down to a depth of 100 m, and so it is for this outermost layer of the Earth that our need for knowledge is greatest. Urban and industrial development, risk mitigation, water- and mineral-resource management, pollution studies, etc., all require geological information that is validated, consistent and permanently updated. This activity is a BRGM priority and one of its basic roles, along with modelling the data in two dimensions (geological maps) and three dimensions (taking into account depth), as well as in four dimensions (evolution with time) -the 4D representations being notably used in constructing prediction models.
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