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Training effect and fatigue in polypyrrole-based artificial muscles

机译：基于聚吡咯的人造肌肉的训练效果和疲劳

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摘要

Artificial muscles based on an electrochemomechanical strain ( ECMS) in conducting polymers, namely polypyrrole ( PPy) film, have been studied from viewpoints of training, fatigue and aging by repeat cycles under tensile loads. ECMS was approximately 2% in a saline solution, resulting from both insertion and exclusion of Na+ with solvated water molecules as well in the film. Transient responses of ECMS and current induced by voltage stimuli were measured under tensile stresses up to 5 MPa to see the training effect, fatigue and aging of the film. At higher stresses the film showed larger creeping, which resulted from realignment or conformation change, slipping and breaking of polymer chains. After the experience of large stresses, the training effect in ECMS was appreciably observed as an increase of the strain. Without stress the conductivity of the film was stable ( no fatigue) upon an electrochemical cycle; however, under high tensile stresses the conductivity decreased remarkably ( fatigue and aging). It is to be noted that straightened polymer chains can be easily oxidized and degraded due to lower pi-electron energy. The conversion efficiency from electrical to mechanical energy in this system was found to be less than 0.03%.
机译：从训练，疲劳和通过在拉伸载荷下重复循环的老化的观点，已经研究了基于导电聚合物中的电化学机械应变（ECMS）的人造肌肉，即聚吡咯（PPy）膜。盐溶液中的ECMS约为2％，这是由于薄膜中Na +与溶剂化水分子的插入和排除所致。在高达5 MPa的拉伸应力下测量ECMS的瞬态响应和由电压刺激引起的电流，以观察薄膜的训练效果，疲劳和老化。在较高的应力下，膜表现出较大的蠕变，这是由于聚合物的重新排列或构象变化，滑移和断裂所致。在经历了巨大的压力之后，随着应变的增加，可以明显地观察到在ECMS中的训练效果。在没有应力的情况下，薄膜的电导率在电化学循环中是稳定的（无疲劳）。然而，在高拉应力下，电导率显着下降（疲劳和老化）。要注意的是，由于较低的π电子能量，伸直的聚合物链容易被氧化和降解。发现该系统中从电能到机械能的转换效率小于0.03％。

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