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Canopy radiation- and water-use efficiencies as affected by elevated [CO2]

机译：受[CO2]升高影响的冠层辐射和水利用效率

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This study used an environmentally controlled plant growth facility, EcoCELLs, to measure canopy gas exchanges directly and to examine the effects of elevated [CO2] on canopy radiation- and water-use efficiencies. Sunflowers (Helianthus annus var. Mammoth) were grown at ambient (399 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated [CO2] (746 mu mol mol(-1)) for 53 days in EcoCELLs. Whole canopy carbon- and water-fluxes were measured continuously during the period of the experiment. The results indicated that elevated [CO2] enhanced daily total canopy carbon- and water-fluxes by 53% and 11%, respectively, on a ground-area basis, resulting in a 54% increase in radiation-use efficiency (RUE) based on intercepted photosynthetic active radiation and a 26% increase in water-use efficiency (WUE) by the end of the experiment. Canopy carbon- and water-fluxes at both CO2 treatments varied with canopy development. They were small at 22 days after planting (DAP) and gradually increased to the maxima at 46 DAP. When canopy carbon- and water-fluxes were expressed on a leaf-area basis, no effect of CO2 was found for canopy water-flux while elevated [CO2] still enhanced canopy carbon-flux by 29%, on average. Night-time canopy carbon-flux was 32% higher at elevated than at ambient [CO2]. In addition, RUE and WUE displayed strong diurnal variations, high at noon and low in the morning or afternoon for WUE but opposite for RUE. This study provided direct evidence that plant canopy may consume more, instead of less, water but utilize both water and radiation more efficiently at elevated than at ambient [CO2], at least during the exponential growth period as illustrated in this experiment.
机译：这项研究使用了环境受控的植物生长设施EcoCELLs直接测量冠层气体交换，并研究升高的[CO2]对冠层辐射和水利用效率的影响。向日葵（Helianthus annus var。Mammoth）在环境（399μmol mol（-1））下生长，并在EcoCELLs中升高[CO2]（746μmol mol（-1））53天。在实验期间，连续测量了整个冠层的碳通量和水通量。结果表明，以地面面积计，升高的[CO2]每天分别使冠层的总碳通量和水通量增加53％和11％，从而导致基于辐射的使用效率（RUE）提高54％。在实验结束时拦截了光合作用的主动辐射，用水效率（WUE）提高了26％。两种CO2处理的冠层碳通量和水通量都随着冠层的发展而变化。它们在种植后22天（DAP）时很小，并在46 DAP时逐渐增加到最大值。当以叶面积表示冠层碳通量和水通量时，没有发现二氧化碳对冠层水通量的影响，而升高的[CO2]仍使冠层碳通量平均提高了29％。夜间冠层碳通量在升高时比在环境[CO2]下高32％。另外，RUE和WUE表现出强烈的昼夜变化，WUE在中午时高，早晨或下午时低，而RUE相反。这项研究提供了直接的证据，表明植物冠层可能消耗更多而不是更少的水，但是至少在本实验中所示的指数生长期，在高温下比在环境中[CO2]更有效地利用水和辐射。

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