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Organic carbon cycling in Taylor Valley, Antarctica: quantifying soilreservoirs and soil respiration

机译：南极泰勒河谷的有机碳循环：量化土壤储量和土壤呼吸

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摘要

Organic carbon reservoirs and respiration rates in soils have been calculated for most major biomes on Earth revealing patterns related to temperature, precipitation, and location. Yet data from one of the Earth's coldest, driest, and most southerly soil ecosystems, that of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, are currently not a part of this global database. In this paper, we present the first regional calculations of the sail organic carbon reservoirs in a dry valley ecosystem (Taylor Valley) and report measurements of CO2 efflux from Antarctic soils. Our analyses indicate that, despite the absence of visible accumulations of organic matter in most of Taylor Valley's arid soils, this soil environment contained a significant percentage (up to 72%) of the seasonally unfrozen organic carbon reservoir in the terrestrial ecosystem. Field measurements of soil CO2-efflux in Taylor Valley soils were used to evaluate biotic respiration and averaged 0.10 +/- 0.08 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1). Laboratory soil microcosms suggested that this respiration rate was sensitive to increases in temperature, moisture, and carbon addition. Finally, a steady-state calculation of the mean residence time for organic carbon in Taylor Valley soils was 23 years. because this value contradicts all that is currently known about carbon cycling rates in the dry valleys, we suggest that the dry valley soil carbon dynamics is not steady state. Instead, we suggest that the dynamic is complex, with at least two (short- and la,ng-term) organic carbon reservoirs. We also suggest that organic carbon in the dry valley soil environment may be more important, and play a more active role in long-term ecosystem processes, than previously believed.
机译：已计算出地球上大多数主要生物群落的土壤有机碳储量和呼吸速率，揭示了与温度，降水和位置有关的模式。但是，来自地球上最冷，最干旱和最南端的土壤生态系统之一，即南极麦克默多干旱谷的数据，目前不属于该全球数据库的一部分。在本文中，我们介绍了干旱谷生态系统（泰勒谷）中帆有机碳储层的第一个区域计算，并报告了南极土壤中二氧化碳排放量的测量结果。我们的分析表明，尽管在泰勒河谷的大多数干旱土壤中都没有可见的有机物积累，但这种土壤环境包含了陆地生态系统中季节性未冻结的有机碳库的很大一部分（高达72％）。泰勒河谷土壤中的土壤CO2外排量的野外测量被用于评估生物呼吸作用，平均CO2 m（-2）s（-1）为0.10 +/- 0.08μmol。实验室土壤微观世界表明，这种呼吸速率对温度，湿度和碳添加的增加敏感。最后，对泰勒河谷土壤中有机碳平均停留时间的稳态计算为23年。因为该值与目前有关干旱谷地碳循环速率的所有已知信息相矛盾，所以我们建议干旱谷地土壤碳动态不是稳定状态。取而代之的是，我们认为动态过程很复杂，至少有两个（短期和短期）有机碳库。我们还建议，干旱谷土壤环境中的有机碳可能比以前认为的更为重要，并在长期的生态系统过程中发挥更积极的作用。

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