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Urban versus Rural Firms: Does Location Affect Labor Demand

机译：城乡企业：选址是否影响劳动力需求

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摘要

A dynamic labor demand model is developed and estimated on 1,719 French firms in the food industries, observed over the period 1990-1997. Both descriptive statistics and estimation results (including GMM estimations) show that labor demand and its determinants vary according to firm location. Rural areas are characterized by a low adjustment speed and great sensitivity of labor demand to the labor cost. Peri-urban areas benefit from important economies of scale effects and from technological spillovers. Urban firms are faced with a decline in employment levels, which is mostly due to a faster adjustment of employment to the level of activity. The trade-off between agglomeration and congestion forces may explain the respective situations of both urban and periurban areas. However, the relative inertia that appears in rural areas may be analyzed in a different way, by considering the smaller number of potential opportunities that exist in these areas.
机译：建立了动态​​劳动力需求模型，并在1990-1997年期间对法国食品工业的1,719家公司进行了估算。描述性统计数据和估计结果（包括GMM估计）均表明，劳动力需求及其决定因素根据公司所在地而异。农村地区的特点是调整速度慢，劳动力需求对劳动力成本的敏感性高。城郊地区受益于重要的规模经济效应和技术外溢。城镇企业面临着就业水平下降的情况，这主要是由于对就业水平的调整较快。集聚力量与拥挤力量之间的权衡可以解释城市地区和郊区地区的各自情况。但是，可以通过考虑农村地区出现的潜在机会的数量减少，以不同的方式分析农村地区出现的相对惯性。

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