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首页> 外文期刊>Ear and hearing. >Unmasked thresholds and minimum masking in infants and adults: separating sensory from nonsensory contributions to infant-adult differences in behavioral thresholds.
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Unmasked thresholds and minimum masking in infants and adults: separating sensory from nonsensory contributions to infant-adult differences in behavioral thresholds.

机译：婴儿和成人的未掩盖阈值和最小掩盖：将感官与非感官对行为阈值的婴幼儿差异进行区分。

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OBJECTIVE: The purposes were to determine the degree to which infant unmasked thresholds differed from those of adults, to determine the effect of signal frequency on those differences, and to determine whether there is a difference in minimum effective masking as a function of age and frequency. The data were applied to a model to address the question of the origin (sensory versus nonsensory) of infant-adult differences in behavioral unmasked thresholds. DESIGN: Infant behavioral thresholds in quiet and in noise for pure tones of 0.5 and 2 kHz were measured using computer-based visual reinforcement audiometry. Adult thresholds were measured using the same apparatus and a modified conventional audiometric procedure. Twenty-three infants and 24 adults were included in the analyses. The masked thresholds versus masker intensity data were used to estimate minimum masking levels (MMLs). RESULTS: Group mean unmasked thresholds of infants were greater than those of adults at both frequencies and the difference was greater at 0.5 kHz (14.2 dB) than at 2 kHz (5.5 dB). Infant MMLs were greater than those of adults by 10.1 dB at 0.5 kHz and by 1.2 dB at 2 kHz. The fact that a masker had to be 10.1 dB greater in intensity for infants than for adults at 0.5 kHz and 1.2 dB greater at 2 kHz suggests that there is a difference in sensitivity between the groups of about 10 and 1 dB for the two frequencies, respectively. According to a proposed model, the difference between infants and adults in MMLs is less than the difference in unmasked thresholds owing to the influence of nonsensory factors that bias infant unmasked thresholds. Such factors, therefore, contribute 4.1 dB (i.e., 14.2 dB-10.1 dB) at 0.5 kHz and 4.3 dB (i.e., 5.5 dB-1.2 dB) at 2 kHz based on the data. CONCLUSIONS: The infant-adult differences in unmasked thresholds, with greater difference at 0.5 kHz than at 2 kHz, are consistent with earlier research on infant hearing. The data reveal that the greater difference between infants and adults at 0.5 kHz relative to 2 kHz is not a result of nonsensory factors alone, but is largely due to a difference in sensory processing. Only about 4 dB of the difference between infants and adults in unmasked thresholds can be attributed to nonsensory factors and the effect is not frequency specific according to the proposed model. Consideration of establishing audiometric reference values for infants that are different than those based on adults, owing to the elevated behavioral unmasked thresholds of normal-hearing infants, is suggested.
机译：目的：目的是确定婴儿的未掩蔽阈值与成人阈值的差异程度，确定信号频率对这些差异的影响，并确定最小有效掩蔽是否随年龄和频率而有所不同。将该数据应用于模型，以解决行为未掩盖阈值中婴儿成人差异的起源（感官与非感官）问题。设计：使用基于计算机的视觉增强测听法测量了0.5和2 kHz的纯音在安静和噪声中的婴儿行为阈值。成人阈值是使用相同的设备和改进的常规测听程序测量的。分析中包括23例婴儿和24例成人。掩蔽阈值与掩蔽强度的数据用于估计最小掩蔽水平（MML）。结果：在两个频率下，婴儿的组平均未掩蔽阈值均大于成年人的阈值，在0.5 kHz（14.2 dB）处的差异大于在2 kHz（5.5 dB）处的差异。婴儿MML在0.5 kHz时比成年人大10.1 dB，在2 kHz时大1.2 dB。事实是，在0.5 kHz时婴儿的掩膜强度要比成人高10.1 dB，在2 kHz时的掩膜强度要比成人高1.2 dB，这表明两组之间的灵敏度在两个频率上大约有10 dB和1 dB的差异，分别。根据提出的模型，由于非感性因素的影响，婴儿和成年人在MML中的差异小于未掩盖阈值的差异，这会影响婴儿的未掩盖阈值。因此，根据数据，这些因素在0.5 kHz下贡献4.1 dB（即14.2 dB-10.1 dB），在2 kHz下贡献4.3 dB（即5.5 dB-1.2 dB）。结论：未掩盖阈值的婴幼儿差异，在0.5 kHz时的差异大于在2 kHz时的差异，与早期关于婴儿听力的研究一致。数据表明，相对于2 kHz，0.5 kHz婴儿和成人之间更大的差异并不是单独的非感官因素的结果，而是很大程度上归因于感官加工的差异。在非掩盖阈值中，婴儿和成年人之间的差异中只有大约4 dB可以归因于非感官因素，并且根据所提出的模型，其效果不是特定于频率的。建议考虑为听力正常的婴儿提高行为隐蔽性阈值，从而为不同于成人的婴儿建立听力测验参考值。

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