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Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century

机译:在二十世纪探索城市废物中的全球氮和磷流动

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This paper presents a global model-based country-scale quantification of urban N and P mass flows from humans, animals, and industries and their waste N and P discharges to surface water and urban waste recycling in agriculture. Agricultural recycling was practiced commonly in early twentieth century Europe, Asia, and North America. During the twentieth century, global urban discharge to surface water increased ~3.5-fold to 7.7 Tg yr~(-1) for N and ~4.5-fold to 1.0 Tg yr~(-1) for P; the major part of this increase occurred between 1950 and 2000. Between 1900 and ~1940, industrial N and P flows dominated global surface water N and P loadings from urban areas; since ~1940, human wastes are the major source of urban nutrient discharge to both surface water and agricultural recycling. During the period 1900-2000, total global recycling of urban nutrients in agriculture increased from 0.4 to 0.6 Tg N yr~(-1) and from 0.07 to 0.08 Tg P yr~(-1). A large number of factors (the major ones related to food consumption, urban population, sewer connection, and industrial emissions) contribute to the uncertainty of -18% to +42% for N and -21% to +45% for P around the calculated surface water loading estimate for 2000. Key Points A global model was made to inventory urban 20th century nutrient flowsGlobal surface water discharge increased ~3.5-fold for N and ~4.5-fold for PAt present human excreta and detergents are the major urban nutrient sources
机译:本文介绍了一种基于模型的国家/地区规模量化方法,用于对人类,动物和工业产生的城市氮和磷质量流量及其废物的氮和磷排放量,以及地表水和农业中的城市废物进行回收利用。在20世纪初期,欧洲,亚洲和北美普遍进行农业循环利用。在20世纪期间,全球城市地表水的氮排放增加了约3.5倍,达到7.7 Tg yr〜(-1),磷增长了约4.5倍,达到了1.0 Tg yr〜(-1)。这种增加的主要部分发生在1950年至2000年之间。在1900年至1940年之间,工业N和P流量占城市地区全球地表水N和P负荷的主要部分;自1940年以来,人类废物一直是城市营养物向地表水和农业循环利用的主要排放源。在1900-2000年期间,全球农业都市营养总循环量从0.4 Tg N yr〜(-1)增加到0.6 Tg N yr〜(-1)增加。在周围地区,许多因素(与粮食消费,城市人口,下水道连接和工业排放有关的主要因素)的不确定性分别为N的-18%至+ 42%和P的-21%至+ 45%。计算出的2000年地表水负荷估算值。要点建立了一个用于估算20世纪城市养分流量的全球模型。目前,全球地表水排放量中氮的含量增加了约3.5倍,PAt的增加了约4.5倍。人类排泄物和清洁剂是城市主要的营养来源

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