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Dark inorganic carbon fixation sustains the functioning of benthic deep-sea ecosystems

机译：深色无机碳固位维持底栖深海生态系统的功能

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摘要

Previous studies have provided evidence that dark inorganic carbon fixation is an important process for the functioning of the ocean interior. However, its quantitative relevance and ecological significance in benthic deep-sea ecosystems remain unknown. We investigated the rates of inorganic carbon fixation together with prokaryotic abundance, biomass, assemblage composition, and heterotrophic carbon production in surface sediments of different benthic deep-sea systems along the Iberian margin (northeastern Atlantic Ocean) and in the Mediterranean Sea. Inorganic carbon fixation rates in these surface deep-sea sediments did not show clear depth-related patterns, and, on average, they accounted for 19% of the total heterotrophic biomass production. The incorporation rates of inorganic carbon were significantly related to the abundance of total Archaea (as determined by catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization) and completely inhibited using an inhibitor of archaeal metabolism, N~1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane. This suggests a major role of the archaeal assemblages in inorganic carbon fixation. We also show that benthic archaeal assemblages contribute approximately 25% of the total ~3H-leucine incorporation. Inorganic carbon fixation in surface deep-sea sediments appears to be dependent not only upon chemosynthetic processes but also on heterotrophic/mixotrophic metabolism, as suggested by estimates of the chemolithotrophic energy requirements and the enhanced inorganic carbon fixation due to the increase in the availability of organic trophic resources. Overall, our data suggest that archaeal assemblages of surface deep-sea sediments are responsible for the high rates of inorganic carbon incorporation and thereby sustain the functioning of the food webs as well as influence the carbon cycling of benthic deep-sea ecosystems.
机译：先前的研究提供了证据，表明深色无机碳固定是海洋内部功能的重要过程。然而，其在底栖深海生态系统中的定量相关性和生态意义仍然未知。我们调查了伊比利亚边缘（北大西洋）和地中海沿岸不同底栖深海系统表层沉积物中无机碳固定率以及原核生物丰度，生物量，组合物组成和异养碳产量。这些深海表层沉积物中的无机碳固定率没有显示出明显的与深度有关的模式，平均而言，它们占总异养生物质产量的19％。无机碳的掺入率与总古生菌的丰度显着相关（通过催化的报告分子沉积荧光原位杂交确定），并被古细菌代谢抑制剂N〜1-胍基-1,7-二氨基庚烷完全抑制。这表明古菌群在无机碳固定中的主要作用。我们还显示，底栖古细菌集合贡献了约3H-亮氨酸掺入总量的25％。如化学营养性能量需求的估计值和由于有机物可利用性增加而增强的无机碳固定性所表明的那样，表层深海沉积物中的无机碳固定似乎不仅取决于化学合成过程，而且还取决于异养/混合营养代谢。营养资源。总体而言，我们的数据表明，表层深海沉积物的古菌集合是无机碳掺入率高的原因，从而维持了食物网的功能并影响了底栖深海生态系统的碳循环。

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