A system and method for simulating formation and evolution of a deep-sea cold spring ecosystem. The simulation system comprises a high pressure simulation chamber (1). Geological layers are constructed in the high pressure simulation chamber (1), and the high pressure simulation chamber (1) comprises, from top to bottom, an above-seafloor interface unit (2), a seafloor interface ecosystem simulation unit (3), and a below-seafloor interface unit (4). The above-seafloor interface unit (2) is used to simulate seafloor water. The seafloor interface ecosystem simulation unit (3) is used to simulate a seafloor interface and a deep-sea cold spring ecosystem. The below-seafloor interface unit (4) is used to simulate seafloor distribution and a development process of a cold spring. The high pressure simulation chamber (1) is equipped with: an environmental condition control device (5), used to control environmental conditions of the system and acquiring data; a sampling cabin (6), used to place and acquire a sample in the deep-sea cold spring ecosystem; and a seafloor current injection system (7), used to inject deep-sea water or artificially prepared sea water into the seafloor interface ecosystem simulation unit (3) so as to simulate an ocean current. The sampling cabin (6) and a control end of the seafloor current injection system (7) are electrically connected to the environmental condition control device (5). The invention simulates a cold spring ecosystem, provides environmental conditions for evolution of the cold spring ecosystem, performs in-situ remodeling on a formation environment of the system, reduces a time required for field observation and research on the cold spring ecosystem, allows for observation and research on the formation and evolution of the cold spring ecosystem, and allows for real-time sampling and analysis of a key feature point in a development process.
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