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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian journal of diabetes >How Do International Trade Obligations Affect Policy Options for Obesity Prevention? Lessons from Recent Developments in Trade and Tobacco Control
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How Do International Trade Obligations Affect Policy Options for Obesity Prevention? Lessons from Recent Developments in Trade and Tobacco Control

机译：国际贸易义务如何影响预防肥胖的政策选择？贸易和烟草控制最新发展的经验教训

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摘要

Objective: Regulatory measures, including taxes and subsidies on food and beverage products, food labelling requirements, regulation of food content and regulation of food marketing, have been proposed to encourage healthier eating and prevent obesity. The objective of this article is to explore the extent to which international trade agreements affect governments' choices to use such regulatory measures. Methods: It reviews key provisions of relevant World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements and their implications. Some insights can be gained by examining 2 recent developments in the WTO regarding tobacco control: a current dispute involving Australia's plain packaging law and its effect on trademarks, and a recent decision involving the United States law banning flavoured cigarettes. Results: This decision said that the ban did not restrict trade more than necessary to fulfil its legitimate health objective, but it was discriminatory because it banned imported products (clove cigarettes) while exempting domestic products (menthol cigarettes) with similar characteristics.Conclusion: The conclusion we can draw from this decision is that WTO member states probably enjoy a significant degree of latitude in developing food regulations as part of an obesity prevention strategy, so long as those do not disproportionately affect imported products and therefore raise questions of discrimination. The approach taken in this case encourages the adoption of public health policies that are consistent with strong scientific evidence, but may restrict governments' ability to make political compromises, which could frustrate some proposals. The ongoing development of WTO law will continue to affect policy choices in public health.
机译：目标：已提出监管措施，包括对食品和饮料产品的税收和补贴，食品标签要求，食品含量法规和食品销售法规，以鼓励饮食健康和预防肥胖。本文的目的是探讨国际贸易协定在多大程度上影响政府使用此类监管措施的选择。方法：它审查了有关世界贸易组织（WTO）协议的关键条款及其含义。通过研究WTO在烟草控制方面的两个最新进展，可以得出一些见解：涉及澳大利亚无装饰包装法及其对商标的影响的当前争议，以及涉及美国禁止加香卷烟的最近裁决。结果：该决定说，该禁令对实现其合法健康目标的贸易限制不超过必要的程度，但它具有歧视性，因为它禁止进口产品（丁香香烟），同时豁免具有类似特征的国内产品（薄荷醇香烟）。我们可以从该决定中得出的结论是，作为肥胖预防策略的一部分，WTO成员国在制定食品法规方面可能享有很大的自由度，只要这些法规不会对进口产品产生不成比例的影响，并因此引发歧视问题。在这种情况下采取的方法鼓励采用与有力的科学证据相一致的公共卫生政策，但可能会限制政府做出政治妥协的能力，这可能会挫败某些建议。世贸组织法律的不断发展将继续影响公共卫生方面的政策选择。

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