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首页> 外文期刊>Flora >Spread of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in an Alpine valley is correlated with climate warming
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Spread of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in an Alpine valley is correlated with climate warming

机译：核桃（Juglans regia L.）在高山山谷中的传播与气候变暖有关

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Since the Roman time, the walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) has been cultivated in gardens and orchards in large parts of Europe, but only since Karl The Great (742-814) the walnut tree has been introduced to Tyrol (Austria) and other Alpine regions in Central Europe. As late as the beginning of the 20th century no wild populations but only cultivated trees are reported for inner Alpine valleys of Tyrol. Recently, however a striking increase of growing sites and individuals of J. regia has been detected within the Inn valley and other inner Alpine valleys of the Eastern Alps. In addition, climate warming, specifically milder winters since 1970 have been recorded within the study area (Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria). Therefore, a dendroccological study at four study sites in surroundings of Innsbruck dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and/or Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests was initiated to examine more closely, if influence of climate warming favoured spread of this deciduous tree. Together, the four study sites encompassed 30 ha, where in total 651 J regia trees were analysed. Mapping of trees indicated that > 90% grew on south and south-west-facing slopes. Evaluation of the age structure revealed that > 48% of the analysed J. regia trees were younger than 10 years, > 72% younger than 20 years and > 92% younger than 30 years. Analysis of climate conditions in years of germination revealed a striking correspondence between the number of germinated trees and winter (December-February) minimum temperatures (r = 0.43; p < 0.01) and the number of frost days (December-February) < -5 degrees C (r = 0.40; p < 0.01), which can be related to frost sensitivity during seedling stage. In summary, results of this study provide evidence that climate warming after 1970 favoured establishment of J. regia within this inner Alpine valley. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
机译：自罗马时代以来，胡桃树（Juglans regia L.）在欧洲大部分地区的花园和果园中被种植，但仅在卡尔大帝（742-814）以来，胡桃树才被引入蒂罗尔（奥地利）和中欧的其他高山地区。直到20世纪初，蒂罗尔州内高山山谷都没有野生种群，只有人工栽培的树木。然而，最近在东阿尔卑斯山的因因河谷和其他内部阿尔卑斯河谷中发现了雷格斯氏菌的生长地点和个体的惊人增加。此外，研究区域（因斯布鲁克，蒂罗尔州，奥地利）还记录了气候变暖，特别是自1970年以来较为温和的冬天。因此，在因斯布鲁克周围以苏格兰松树（Pinus sylvestris L.）和/或挪威云杉（Picea abies（L.）Karst。）为主的森林中的四个研究地点进行了树状病毒学研究，以进一步考察气候是否受到影响气候变暖有利于这种落叶树的传播。这四个研究地点合在一起占地30公顷，总共分析了651棵J菩提树。树木测绘表明，> 90％的树木生长在朝南和朝西南的山坡上。对年龄结构的评估表明，分析过的J. regia树中> 48％的树龄小于10岁，> 72％的树龄小于20岁，> 92％的树龄小于30岁。对发芽年份中的气候条件的分析显示，发芽树木的数量与冬季（12月至2月）的最低温度（r = 0.43; p <0.01）和霜冻天数（12月至2月）<-5之间有着惊人的对应关系。 C（r = 0.40; p <0.01），这可能与幼苗期的霜冻敏感性有关。总而言之，这项研究的结果提供了证据，表明1970年以后的气候变暖有利于在该内高山山谷内建立雷格地区。 （c）2006 Elsevier GmbH。版权所有。

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