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Interactions, Environmental Sorting and Chance: Phylostructure of a Tropical Forest Assembly

机译：相互作用，环境分类和机会：热带森林大会的植物结构

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Density dependence, environmental sorting and chance have been discussed for the purpose of understanding, predicting and explaining the species richness, composition and structural parameters of living communities. Different ecological mechanisms occur individually in an overlapping manner, so the structure of each local community is influenced by an independent mixture of these factors. To identify which of these factors prevails in organizing the species-rich tree community from 100 plots of 10 x 10 m in a primary forest patch (the Forest of Seu Nico - FSN, from the Atlantic Forest domain), we analyzed species-environment correlations via canonical correspondence analysis and identified two different pedo-environments. We analyzed the community's phylogenetic structure using Phylocom 4.2 software to calculate the net relatedness index (NRI) and the nearest taxon index (NTI). Furthermore, we partitioned the total phylogenetic diversity into independent alpha and beta components (I (ST)). To reveal the overlap of ecological mechanisms such as neutrality, environmental filtering and density-dependent factors, we analyzed the phylogenetic structure in both pedo-environments. The species-environment correlations observed in the FSN are weak in comparison with those found in other studies, although the permanent plot presents a short environmental gradient, dividing the plot into an upper, more acidic hillside and a lower, more fertile bottom. The overall phylogenetic structure of the FSN community shows strong and significant phylogenetic overdispersion. This overdispersion indicates that density-dependent factors, such as interspecific competition, play an important role in maintaining the species richness and community structure in megadiverse ecosystems such as the FSN when we assume traits to be conserved within evolutionary lineages. The NRI and NTI are correlated positively with the soil pH and negatively with the soil's aluminum concentration, so the bottom plots show higher phylogenetic overdispersion and lower I (ST) values than the hillside plots. This pattern can be explained by the greater importance of environmental filters in more acidic soils that form less favorable habitats, while the influence of competition and therefore also the rate of competitive exclusion are higher in the more favorable, less acidic plots.
机译：为了理解，预测和解释生物群落的物种丰富度，组成和结构参数，已经讨论了密度依赖性，环境分类和机会。不同的生态机制以重叠的方式单独出现，因此每个本地社区的结构都受这些因素的独立影响。为了确定这些因素中的哪些因素在组织100个10 x 10 m的原始森林地块（Seu Nico森林-FSN，来自大西洋森林域）中的物种丰富的树木群落中占主导地位，我们分析了物种与环境的相关性通过规范的对应分析，并确定了两个不同的教育环境。我们使用Phylocom 4.2软件分析了社区的系统发育结构，以计算净相关性指数（NRI）和最近的分类单元指数（NTI）。此外，我们将总的系统发育多样性划分为独立的alpha和beta组件（I（ST））。为了揭示中立，环境过滤和密度依赖因素等生态机制的重叠，我们分析了两种环境中的系统发育结构。与其他研究相比，在FSN中观察到的物种与环境的相关性较弱，尽管永久样地呈现出短的环境梯度，将样地划分为较高酸性的山坡和较低较肥沃的底部。 FSN群落的整体系统发育结构显示出强烈且显着的系统发育过度分散。这种过度分散表明，当我们假设某些性状在进化谱系中是保守的时，诸如种间竞争之类的依赖密度的因素在维持诸如FSN之类的巨型生态系统中的物种丰富度和群落结构中起着重要作用。 NRI和NTI与土壤pH呈正相关，与土壤铝浓度呈负相关，因此，底部图显示的系统发育超分散性和I（ST）值均低于山坡图。这种模式可以通过环境过滤器在形成较不利环境的较酸性土壤中的重要性日益提高来解释，而竞争的影响以及竞争排斥的速率在较有利的酸性较低的土壤中则更高。

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