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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology >Facilitating an understanding of integrative physiology: emphasis on the composition of body fluid compartments.
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Facilitating an understanding of integrative physiology: emphasis on the composition of body fluid compartments.

机译：促进对综合生理的理解：强调体液区室的组成。

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As a teaching exercise, we used deductive reasoning and a quantitative analysis to convert a number of facts into a series of concepts to facilitate an understanding of integrative physiology and shed light on the composition of the different body fluid compartments. The starting point was the central need to regenerate ATP to perform biologic work. Because a large quantity of O2 must be delivered to cells at a sufficiently high concentration to aid its diffusion into mitochondria, approximately one third of the O2 in inspired air was extracted; this led to a P(CO2) in arterial blood of 40 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Blood flow to individual organs must be adjusted precisely to avoid having too low or too high a P(O2) in mitochondria--the latter augments the formation of reactive O2 species. The extracellular fluid (ECF) bicarbonate concentration (E(HCO3)) must be high to minimize H+ buffering by proteins. This high E(HCO3) sets the ECF concentrations of ionized calcium (Ca2+) and inorganic phosphate (HPO4(2-)) because of solubility issues. Three features defined the intracellular fluid (ICF) volume and composition. First, expelling monovalent anions minimized its mass (volume). Second, controlling the tissue P(CO2) ensured a relatively constant net valence on intracellular proteins. Third, the range of ICF Ca2+ concentrations must both induce regulatory signals and avoid Ca3(PO4)2 formation. All the above were incorporated into the integrated response that optimized the capacity for vigorous exercise.
机译：作为教学练习，我们使用演绎推理和定量分析将许多事实转化为一系列概念，以促进对综合生理的理解，并阐明不同体液区室的组成。起点是再生ATP以执行生物学工作的主要需求。因为必须以足够高的浓度将大量的O2输送到细胞中以帮助其扩散到线粒体中，所以抽取了大约三分之一的吸入空气中的O2。这导致动脉血中的P（CO2）为40 mmHg（1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa）。必须精确调整流向各个器官的血流，以避免线粒体中的P（O2）过低或过高，后者会增加反应性O2的形成。细胞外液（ECF）碳酸氢盐浓度（E（HCO3））必须很高，以最小化蛋白质对H +的缓冲作用。由于溶解度问题，这种高E（HCO3）设置了离子钙（Ca2 +）和无机磷酸盐（HPO4（2-））的ECF浓度。三个特征定义了细胞内液（ICF）的体积和组成。首先，排除一价阴离子可最大程度地减少其质量（体积）。第二，控制组织P（CO2）确保细胞内蛋白质的相对净价。第三，ICF Ca2 +浓度范围必须既诱导调控信号，又避免Ca3（PO4）2形成。以上所有内容均已纳入综合反应，从而优化了剧烈运动的能力。

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