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Environmental source modelling to mitigate impact on marine life

机译：环境源建模以减轻对海洋生物的影响

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摘要

The impulsive signals emitted by seismic airguns are one of many sources of anthropogenic noise in the oceans. Concerns about potential adverse effects of anthropogenic noise on marine life have existed since the 1970s and have since triggered regulators to impose mitigation requirements in many jurisdictions worldwide. Such mitigation measures can include the definition of exclusion zones around sensitive areas, or the deployment of marine mammal observers (MMO). Sometimes, so-called sound source verification measurements are required to monitor sound levels in specific areas. In this paper, we describe how accurate forward-modelling of farfield signatures emitted from airgun arrays can be used to estimate the sound level of a marine seismic source as a function of distance. Results obtained from this modelling can be used for a variety of mitigation measures. These can include the planning of exclusion zones around sensitive areas, safety radii around seismic source vessels for the planning of MMO deployment, as well as the planning of so-called soft-start procedures, i. e., the process of ramping up the output of an airgun array by gradually adding individual guns over a sequence of shots.
机译：地震气枪发出的脉冲信号是海洋中许多人为噪声的来源之一。自1970年代以来，就一直存在着对人为噪声对海洋生物的潜在不利影响的担忧，此后引发了监管机构对全球许多辖区施加缓解要求。此类缓解措施可包括定义敏感区域周围的禁区，或部署海洋哺乳动物观察员（MMO）。有时，需要所谓的声源验证测量来监视特定区域中的声级。在本文中，我们描述了如何使用气枪阵列发出的远场信号的精确正向模型来估计作为距离函数的海洋地震源的声级。从该模型获得的结果可用于多种缓解措施。这些可以包括规划敏感区域周围的禁区，规划MMO部署的地震震源船只周围的安全半径，以及规划所谓的软启动程序，即例如，通过在一系列射击中逐渐增加单个枪支来增加气枪阵列输出的过程。

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