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首页> 外文期刊>Forest Policy and Economics >Using a multilevel approach to analyse the case of forest conflicts in the Terai, Nepal. (Special Issue: Forest land use and conflict management: Global issues and lessons learned.)
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Using a multilevel approach to analyse the case of forest conflicts in the Terai, Nepal. (Special Issue: Forest land use and conflict management: Global issues and lessons learned.)

机译：使用多层次方法分析尼泊尔特莱森林冲突的情况。 （特刊：林地使用和冲突管理：全球问题和经验教训。）

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摘要

Recent years have witnessed an intensification of forest-related conflicts between various stakeholders in Nepal, particularly between the state and local people, over the control, management and use of forests in the southern plains of the Terai. This paper analyses the multiple dimensions of conflicts in Terai forestry policy and practice using a multilevel approach. Multilevel forest conflicts in the Terai are explained as a nested concept, existing at different overlapping levels (ranging from the global level to households). At one pole, Terai forestry can be understood in terms of conflicts of interest between Nepal's national concerns for development and global concerns for environmental protection. At the other pole, access to and control of lands and forests and opportunities for participation in a family environment (intra-household and interpersonal levels) are based on inequalities of gender (male domination of women) or age (family head or older members prevailing over younger family members). In between the two poles of global and household levels are other identifiable levels of conflict in Terai forestry: state versus community; inter-community (between various groups); and intra-community conflicts (along dimensions of class, caste, ethnicity, gender, religion, and age). This paper situates and applies the idea of multiple levels of conflict to various dominant regimes of forest management in the Terai and argues that the issue of land and forest control, and hence dimensions of forest conflicts in the Terai, are not only an issue of global-state-community conflict, but are also driven by undercurrents of ethnicity (e.g. hill-origin versus plain-origin people), migrants versus indigenous groups (inter-community conflict), and other intra-community differences. In so doing, the paper develops and applies a multilevel analytical approach to understand how different governance regimes influence, and are influenced by, social heterogeneity and conflict across multiple scales. It is argued that methodologically the multilevel approach outlined in this paper can be used as a comprehensive framework in the analysis of complex issues of forest and land use conflict elsewhere.
机译：近年来，尼泊尔的各个利益相关者之间，特别是国家与当地人民之间，在Terai南部平原的森林控制，管理和使用方面，与森林有关的冲突不断加剧。本文使用多层次方法分析了Terai林业政策和实践中冲突的多个方面。 Terai的多层次森林冲突被解释为一个嵌套的概念，存在于不同的重叠级别（从全球级别到家庭级别）。一方面，可以从尼泊尔国家发展关注与全球环境保护关注之间的利益冲突来理解泰赖林业。另一方面，获得和控制土地和森林以及参与家庭环境的机会（家庭内部和人际关系）是基于性别（男性在女性中占主导地位）或年龄（主要是户主或老年成员）的不平等。超过年轻的家庭成员）。在全球和家庭两级之间，还有其他可识别的Terai林业冲突级别：国家与社区;国家与社区之间的冲突。社区间（各群体之间）;以及社区内部冲突（以及阶级，种姓，种族，性别，宗教和年龄等维度）。本文提出了多层次冲突的概念，并将其应用于特莱的各种主要森林管理体制，并认为土地和森林控制问题以及特莱森林冲突的规模不仅是全球性的问题，州与社区之间的冲突，但也是由种族间的暗流（例如，山地居民与平原居民），移民与土著群体（社区间冲突）以及其他社区内部差异所驱动的。在此过程中，本文开发并应用了多层次的分析方法，以了解不同的治理制度如何在多个规模上影响并受到社会异质性和冲突的影响。有人认为，从方法上讲，本文概述的多级方法可以用作分析其他地方森林和土地使用冲突的复杂问题的综合框架。

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