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首页> 外文期刊>Fish & Shellfish Immunology >Repeated sampling of individual bivalve mollusks I: Intraindividual variability and consequences for haemolymph constituents of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum
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Repeated sampling of individual bivalve mollusks I: Intraindividual variability and consequences for haemolymph constituents of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum

机译：一类双壳贝类软体动物的重复采样I：马尼拉蛤仔菲律宾蛤仔的血淋巴成分的个体差异和后果

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Components of the haemolymph are understood to constitute the internal defense system of bivalve mollusks and their levels are often considered to be indicators of "health"; however, relatively little proof exists of the role that these elements play in the success or failure of defense against a pathogen. A change associated with infection may be the consequence of disease rather than a measure of the capacity to respond effectively to a pathogen. One way to assess whether haemocyte or serum-component concentrations are related to resistance to microbial infection is to sample individuals over time, both before and after they are experimentally or naturally infected. But sampling itself may alter the parameter being assessed. In addition, interindividual variation is large and the degree of intraindividual variation over time is largely unknown. To evaluate intra- vs interindividual variability measured over time and to assess the effects of repeated sampling, we subjected Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, to multiple haemolymph samplings during both field and laboratory experiments, and measured four parameters: haemocyte density, protein concentration, and the activities of leucine amino peptidase and DOPA-oxidase. A repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that individuals with high or low levels at one sampling, tended to have high or low levels, respectively, at the other sampling times. Furthermore, the index of individuality, which is the ratio of intra- to interindividual variability, for these four parameters was comparable to that for human serum components. Repeated sampling had no measured effect on field-deployed clams, which were sampled at intervals of 1-3 months, but significantly depressed values in laboratory-held clams sampled at 1-month intervals. Results demonstrated relative intraindividual constancy in the measured variables and suggested that minimizing sample frequency and volume, and maintaining animals in a comparatively natural environment should all facilitate repeated sampling with minimum injury to experimental mollusks.
机译：血淋巴的成分被认为构成了双壳软体动物的内部防御系统，其含量通常被认为是“健康”的指标。但是，关于这些元素在抵抗病原体成功或失败中所起的作用的证据很少。与感染相关的变化可能是疾病的结果，而不是对病原体有效反应能力的度量。评估血细胞或血清成分浓度是否与抗微生物感染性相关的一种方法是在实验或自然感染之前和之后随时间对个体进行采样。但是采样本身可能会更改要评估的参数。另外，个体间的变化很大，并且随时间变化的个体内变化程度在很大程度上是未知的。为了评估随时间变化的个体内与个体间变异性并评估重复采样的效果，我们在野外和实验室实验中对马尼拉蛤，菲律宾蛤仔进行了多次血淋巴采样，并测量了四个参数：血细胞密度，蛋白质浓度和亮氨酸氨基肽酶和多巴氧化酶的活性重复测量方差分析表明，在一个采样中具有高或低水平的个体，在其他采样时间分别具有较高或低的水平。此外，这四个参数的个体性指数（个体内变异与个体间变异之比）与人血清成分的个体指数相当。重复采样对野外部署的蛤类没有测量到的影响，这些蛤以1-3个月的间隔进行采样，但是在实验室采样的蛤类中以1个月的间隔进行采样的值明显降低。结果证明了测量变量的相对个体恒定性，并建议最大程度地减少采样频率和体积，并使动物保持在相对自然的环境中，都应有助于重复采样，并且对实验性软体动物的伤害最小。

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