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首页> 外文期刊>Fish & Shellfish Immunology >Oxidative burst and nitric oxide responses in carp macrophages induced by zymosan, MacroGard (R) and selective dectin-1 agonists suggest recognition by multiple pattern recognition receptors
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Oxidative burst and nitric oxide responses in carp macrophages induced by zymosan, MacroGard (R) and selective dectin-1 agonists suggest recognition by multiple pattern recognition receptors

机译：酵母聚糖，MacroGard（R）和选择性dectin-1激动剂诱导的鲤鱼巨噬细胞的氧化爆发和一氧化氮反应表明被多种模式识别受体识别

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摘要

beta-Glucans are glucose polymers that are found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria, certain fungi, mushrooms and the cell wall of baker's yeast. In mammals, myeloid cells express several receptors capable of recognizing beta-glucans, with the C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 in conjunction with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), considered key receptors for recognition of beta-glucan. In our studies to determine the possible involvement of these receptors on carp macrophages a range of sources of beta-glucans were utilized including particulate beta-glucan preparations of baker's yeast such as zymosan, which is composed of insoluble beta-glucan and mannan, and MacroGard (R), a beta-glucan-based feed ingredient for farmed animals including several fish species. Both preparations were confirmed TLR2 ligands by measuring activation of HEK293 cells transfected with human TLR2 and CD14, co-transfected with a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene. In addition, dectin-1-specific ligands in mammals i.e. zymosan treated to deplete the TLR-stimulating properties and curdlan, were monitored for their effects on carp macrophages by measuring reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals production, as well as cytokine gene expression by real-time PCR. Results clearly show the ability of carp macrophages to strongly react to particulate beta-glucans with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals and an increase in cytokine gene expression, in particular il-1 beta, il-6 and il-11. We identified carp il-6, that was previously unknown. In addition, carp macrophages are less, but not unresponsive to selective dectin-1 agonists, suggesting recognition of beta-glucans by multiple pattern recognition receptors that could include TLR but also non-TLR receptors. Candidate receptors for recognition of beta-glucans are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：β-葡聚糖是在植物，细菌，某些真菌，蘑菇和面包酵母的细胞壁中发现的葡萄糖聚合物。在哺乳动物中，髓样细胞表达几种能够识别β-葡聚糖的受体，其中C型凝集素受体dectin-1与Toll样受体2（TLR2）一起被认为是识别β-葡聚糖的关键受体。在我们的研究中，为了确定这些受体可能在鲤鱼巨噬细胞上的参与，使用了多种β-葡聚糖来源，包括面包酵母的颗粒β-葡聚糖制剂，如酵母聚糖，其由不溶性β-葡聚糖和甘露聚糖组成，以及MacroGard。 （R），一种基于β-葡聚糖的饲料原料，用于包括几种鱼类在内的养殖动物。通过测量用人TLR2和CD14转染的HEK293细胞的激活，并与分泌的胚胎碱性磷酸酶（SEAP）报告基因共转染，证实了这两种制剂均为TLR2配体。此外，通过测量活性氧和氮自由基的产生以及通过实时定量检测细胞因子基因的表达，可以监测哺乳动物中的dectin-1特异性配体，即经处理的酵母聚糖消耗了TLR刺激特性和柯德兰，以监测它们对鲤鱼巨噬细胞的影响。时间PCR。结果清楚地表明，鲤鱼巨噬细胞与β-葡聚糖强烈反应的能力，增加了活性氧和氮自由基的产生，并增加了细胞因子基因的表达，特别是il-1 beta，il-6和il-11 。我们鉴定出先前未知的鲤鱼il-6。此外，鲤鱼巨噬细胞较少，但对选择性dectin-1激动剂无反应，表明β-葡聚糖被多种模式识别受体识别，这些受体可能包括TLR但也非TLR受体。讨论了识别β-葡聚糖的候选受体。 （C）2013 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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