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首页> 外文期刊>Fish & Shellfish Immunology >Effects of harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata exposure on immunological, histological and oxidative responses of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis
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Effects of harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata exposure on immunological, histological and oxidative responses of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis

机译：有害鞭毛鞭毛藻的影响cf.卵子暴露对贻贝贻贝贻贝的免疫，组织学和氧化反应的影响

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In the last decade massive blooms of the Ostreopsis cf. ovata have occurred in the Mediterranean basin, posing great concern to both environmental and human health. Biotoxicological and chemical studies demonstrated that O. cf. ovata produces palytoxin and ovatoxins; besides direct respiratory effects on humans due to inhalation of marine toxic aerosols, O. cf. ovata blooms can cause adverse effects on benthic invertebrates. The main aim of this study was to highlight the role of immunological, cellular and oxidative mechanisms in modulating the toxicity induced by O. cf. ovata in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Organisms were exposed in laboratory condition to O. cf. ovata and analysed after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Obtained results demonstrated a clear involvement of the immune system with a significant decrement of granulocytes respect to the hyalinocytes type cells, a diminished phagocytosis activity and a reduced lysosomal membrane stability in haemocytes, after both 7 and 14 days of exposure. Histological analyses showed a decrease of the digestive gland wall thickness, dilatation of the tubules, haemocytes infiltration into the digestive gland and a decrement of neutral lipid levels in exposed mussels; similar results suggest a possible inhibition of the feeding activity, with a consequent induction of authophagic phenomena and utilization of stored reserve products such as neutral lipids. Antioxidant parameters revealed a limited role of O. cf. ovata to induce oxidative stress in mussels exposed under laboratory conditions excepting for a certain increase of catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidases activities, and a significantly higher capability to neutralize peroxyl radicals in mussels exposed for 14 days. Although the obtained results suggest a non-specific response of mussels to the O. cf. ovata exposure, observed effects on the general health status of exposed mussels should be adequately considered when assessing the ecological relevance of these algal blooms. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在过去的十年中，Ostreopsis大量开花。卵子发生在地中海盆地，对环境和人类健康都极为关注。生物毒理学和化学研究表明，O。卵子产生palytoxin和卵毒素;除了由于吸入海洋有毒气溶胶对人类的直接呼吸作用外，O。cf.卵形花开可能对底栖无脊椎动物产生不利影响。这项研究的主要目的是强调免疫学，细胞和氧化机制在调节O.cf.诱导的毒性中的作用。贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis的卵形。将有机物在实验室条件下暴露于O。卵和暴露7和14天后进行分析。获得的结果表明，暴露于7和14天后，免疫系统明显参与了粒细胞相对于透明质细胞类型细胞的显着减少，吞噬作用活性降低和溶酶体膜稳定性降低。组织学分析显示，消化腺壁厚度减少，肾小管扩张，血细胞浸入消化腺中以及裸露贻贝中中性脂质水平降低。相似的结果表明可能抑制了进食活性，从而导致自觉现象的发生和所储存的储备产物（如中性脂质）的利用。抗氧化剂参数显示了O. cf.的有限作用。卵子在实验室条件下暴露的贻贝中诱导氧化应激，除了过氧化氢酶，谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的一定增加，以及中和暴露14天的贻贝中过氧自由基的显着更高的能力。尽管获得的结果表明贻贝对O.cf.的非特异性反应。在评估这些藻华的生态相关性时，应充分考虑卵子暴露，对裸露贻贝的总体健康状况的观察影响。 （C）2013 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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