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首页> 外文期刊>Forest Ecology and Management >Conversion of native forest to exotic Pinus radiata plantation: Response of understorey plant composition using a plant functional trait approach
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Conversion of native forest to exotic Pinus radiata plantation: Response of understorey plant composition using a plant functional trait approach

机译：原生林向外来辐射松人工林的转化：利用植物功能性状对下层植物成分的响应

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This study aimed to determine the response of native plant species to changed growing conditions, especially increased shade, following establishment of exotic Pinus radiata plantation on cleared native eucalypt forest. In the Northern Hemisphere, species tolerant to shading are typically herbaceous perennials, with large seeds, no obvious mechanism of seed dispersal, and spread by clonal means. We investigated whether life form, mode of seed dispersal, leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), nutrient uptake strategy, seed mass, fire response, plant height, and clonal spread differed between understorey species of pine plantation and native forest. Further, we asked whether plant functional traits that confer tolerance to stress through shading differ from those in other floras. The study was conducted on the Delatite Peninsula in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. Vegetation of adjacent native forest and pine plantation were surveyed using eight 7mc7m plots per site, randomly located within five paired sites. Differences in plant traits between land-use types were tested by Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (NMDS), analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and paired t-tests. Cluster analysis of the nine plant traits was used to define emergent groups, with differences between land-use types examined by ANOSIM and indicator species analysis. There was a significant change in the composition of understorey vegetation following conversion to pine plantation that included a decline in the richness of native species. NMDS of plant attributes showed a clear separation of native forest from pine plantation with land use strongly correlated in ordination space (r po =0.611). Cluster analysis produced seven emergent groups of plant functional traits for 78 identified plant species. Phanerophytes split into two groups (myrmecochorous trees and shrubs; myrmecochorous shrubs), perennial herbs into four groups (upright herbs, myrmecochorous herbs, barochorous herbs, flat rosette herbs) with one group representing therophytes and anemochorous perennials. Perennial herbs with intermediate SLA and clonal spread were tolerant of the shaded conditions in pine plantation while the two groups of phanerophytes and the myrmecochorous herbs were largely excluded. Shared traits of excluded emergent groups included those that provided an over-riding adaptation to mineral nutrient stress, including myrmecochory, low SLA, ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal associations and N-fixation. These plant traits could not provide tolerance to stress through shading, which is better explained by the open canopied nature of the native forest.
机译：这项研究旨在确定在清除后的原始桉树森林上建立外来辐射松人工林后，本地植物物种对变化的生长条件（特别是阴影增加）的响应。在北半球，耐荫的物种通常是多年生草本植物，种子大，没有明显的种子传播机制，并通过克隆方式传播。我们调查了松树人工林和原生林下层物种之间的生命形式，种子传播方式，叶面积，比叶面积（SLA），养分吸收策略，种子质量，火势响应，植物高度和克隆传播是否不同。此外，我们询问通过遮荫赋予耐性的植物功能性状是否与其他植物区系不同。该研究是在澳大利亚维多利亚州东北部的Delatite半岛上进行的。使用每个地点八个随机分布在五个配对地点内的7mc7m地块，调查了相邻原生森林和松树人工林的植被。通过非度量多维尺度（NMDS），相似性分析（ANOSIM）和配对t检验，测试了土地利用类型之间植物性状的差异。通过对九种植物性状的聚类分析来定义新兴群体，通过ANOSIM检验的土地利用类型与指标物种分析之间的差异。改建为松树人工林后，底层植被的组成发生了重大变化，其中包括原生物种的丰富度下降。 NMDS的植物属性显示，原始森林与松树种植园之间存在明显的分隔，土地用途在排序空间中密切相关（r po = 0.611）。聚类分析为78个已识别植物物种产生了7个植物功能性状的新兴组。旱生植物分为两组（食虫性乔木和灌木;食虫性灌木），多年生草本植物分为四类（直立草本植物，食虫性草本植物，准草本植物，扁平莲座丛草本植物），其中一组代表食草植物和风生多年生植物。多年生草本植物具有中间SLA和无性繁殖，在松树种植园中可以耐受阴凉条件，而在很大程度上除外两组幽灵植物和肉食性草本植物。排除的新兴群体共有的特征包括对矿物质营养胁迫具有压倒性的适应能力，包括菌根性，低SLA，根除和类固醇菌根的结合以及固氮。这些植物性状无法通过遮荫提供对胁迫的耐受性，这可以通过原生森林的开放式冠状性质更好地解释。

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